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  • Return to [[The South African Context/General Terminology and Thematic Entries]] Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...nating as a way to preserve meat for travel, this has become a major South African delicacy, to be enjoyed alongside [[Droëwors]] ("dry sausage"). Return to [[The South African Context/General Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/67474/African-Americans Go to [[South African Theatre/Bibliography]]
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  • ...([[NORM]]), was founded in the 1990's to administered mechanical recording and publishing rights in music in Southern Africa. Return to [[The South African Context/General Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • See '''tsotsi''' and '''skollie'''. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • [[Braaivleis]] can refer to a popular South African form of cuisine and also to the names of a play by [[Charles J. Fourie]] (1965-). Return to [[The South African Context/General Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • A form of African performance, described by [[Credo Mutwa]].* Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...cussed in this section refers specifically to current or historic usage in South Africa. Naturally readers are warned that terms may change radically in mea
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  • See also [[Entertainments]], [[Rederykerskamers]] and Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • Italian Theatre in South Africa: ***** Pirandello, Ionesco, [[Zonderwater Prison performances]], *** Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...ated by the Xhosa people (e.g. Xhosa theatre, Xhosa dances, Xhosa history, and so on.) http://www.sahistory.org.za/people-south-africa/xhosa
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  • ...cussed in this section refers specifically to current or historic usage in South Africa. Naturally readers are warned that terms may change radically in mea ...e certain terms that have specific relevance to or meaning in South Africa and they will be discussed as required (e.g. “[[Alternative theatre|alternati
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  • ...economic and political practices peculiar to South Africa, to help readers and researchers contextualize theatrical matters. Naturally readers are warned ...be read in conjunction with the applicable Introductions to Theatre, Film and the Media).
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  • [[Bertolt Brecht]],[[ South West Africa]], [[Namibia]], Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • See also [[Dance|Dance in South Africa]] Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...as a Weapon]], as propagated during the so-called [[cultural struggle]] in South Africa (1960s-1980s) Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...cussed in this section refers specifically to current or historic usage in South Africa. Naturally readers are warned that terms may change radically in mea ...e certain terms that have specific relevance to or meaning in South Africa and they will be discussed as required (e.g. “[[Alternative theatre|alternati
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  • ...cussed in this section refers specifically to current or historic usage in South Africa. Naturally readers are warned that terms may change radically in mea ...e certain terms that have specific relevance to or meaning in South Africa and they will be discussed as required (e.g. “[[Alternative theatre|alternati
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  • A Xhosa word for referring to a traditional storyteller and the popular rural tradition of folktale narratives, similar to the Zulu [[I Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • See [[Credo Mutwa]], 197* and [[Peter Larlham]], 1984. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • === Apartheid classifications and terminology === ==Apartheid and theatre==
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  • (''Towards an understanding of African dance: the Zulu isishameni style'' by [[Johnny Clegg]] (2nd Symposium on E Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...te people and people of other races. They were in force between 1927-1985, and finally repealed in 2007. ...27 (Act No. 5 of 1927)[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immorality_Act,_1927] and The Immorality Act, 1957 (Act No. 23 of 1957; subsequently renamed the Sexu
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  • ...s]], which played a pivotal role in the evolution of the cultural struggle and political theatre in the country. [[Ian Steadman]]. 1985. ''Drama and social consciousness: themes in Black theatre on the Witwatersrand until 1984''. Unpublished doctoral di
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  • [[Afrikaans]] for [[South Africa]]. See '''[[South Africa]]'''
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  • [[Afrikaans]] for [[South African]]. See '''[[South African]]'''
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  • ...period of time, and consists of the entire process of planning, rehearsal and performance. See also [[Performance]] and [[Theatrical event]]
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  • '''See [[South African theatre]]''' Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • '''See [[South African theatre]]''' Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • Go to [[South African Theatre/Bibliography]] [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...ically elected government in South Africa in 1994, a large number of place and regional names have been changed for numerous reasons. In the historical ar ...w names''' of places in South Africa, see the "''List of renamed places in South Africa''" in '''''[[Wikipedia]]''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ren
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  • ...s to signify the use of song to enhance solidarity by remembering the past and celebrating it. See [[Political theatre]]. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...riginal four provinces were increased to nine, and a large number of place and regional names have also been changed for numerous reasons. ...of provinces in South Africa since 1994, see the entry on "[[Provinces of South Africa]]" in [[ESAT]], as well as the entry by the same name in '''''[[Wik
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  • ...nt of [[African variety]]. It consists of ******** and was introduced into South Africa by **** Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...]'' is the standard abbreviation for [[South Africa]] or [[South African]] and is also found in other languages, such as [[Afrikaans]] (standing for [[Sui ...very often in combination, e.g as ''[[SA Government]]'' for the ''[[South African Government]]''.
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  • ...arly London and New York, or later, to works tried and tested in the South African metropoles. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • [[Volk]] is an [[Afrikaans]] word derived from the [[Dutch]] and German term for a people or an ethnic group. Related to the English term "[ ...it has been used to refer to the German people as a nation, with a history and destiny.
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  • See '''[[South African War]]''' Go to [[South African Theatre/Bibliography]]
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  • See '''[[Grahamstown Festival]]''' and '''[[Fringe Theatre]]''' Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...e late 19th century Cape, and these also influenced the form of many plays and farces written at the time. (Vide [[J.H.H. de Waal]]'s [[Jacob Riem en Di V Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...er to performance and other spaces used by the oppressed (black) masses in South Africa (i.e. "the people") See also [[The People]], [[People’s theatre]] and [[Township venues]].
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  • See '''[[South African War]]''' Go to [[South African Theatre/Bibliography]]
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  • ...crepancies of such colonial concepts as professional or amateur performers and workers. A wide ranging term referring to all engaged in the processes of m Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ..., simply because it makes it easier to alphebeticise. (see also izi-, si-, and *) ?CHECK!* Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...ing what is happening on the screen or stage, intended primarily for blind and visually impaired audience members. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • '''Theatre of defiance''' and '''Theatre of determination''' are terms [[Loren Kruger]] claims are used a Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • See '''[[Children's theatre in South Africa]]''' Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • Acronym for the '''[[South African Domestic Workers Union]]''' Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...Christianity. (See Calvinism) It was applied to the educational system in South Africa, in all its forms. * *** Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • Acronym for the '''[[South African Domestic Service and Allied Workers Union]]''' Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...to theatre written and evolved by [[Indian theatre|Indian]] playwrights in South Africa. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • .... More specifically it is often used to refer to non-literary performances and performance forms, not linked to (published/written) texts. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...a distinct hunter-gatherer culture which stretches back over 20 000 years, and genetic origins that reach back over one million years, they are believed ...s replaced by the name [[San]], which came into use in the 1920s and 1930s and really gained prominence in the 1970’s, as a reaction to the perceived p
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  • '''[[South African Theatre/Bibliography]]''' Go to [[South African Theatre/Bibliography]]
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  • ...y 20th century, these were venues intended to present both [[Film|films]] and [[Music hall|variety]] or [[Music hall|vaudeville]] acts within the same pr Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...en more complex, with the stage or theatre designer designing both costume and scenic elements. In Afrikaans this person is called the '''Stelonwerper''' == Set design in South Africa ==
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  • ...ansvaal Republic]]) and the [[Orange Free State]]) involved in the [[South African War]] of 1899-1902. Go to [[South African Theatre/Bibliography]]
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  • ...from the [[Dutch]] "natie". The term [[Volk]], derived from the [[Dutch]] and German word [[Nation]], was long also used in a similar sense (as well as ...grouping of people who share a common history, language and ethnic origin, and usually govern themselves or strive for it.
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  • An acronym for [[South African English]], the variant of English spoken in South Africa. '''See [[South African English]] and [[Language struggle]].'''
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  • A theatre venue and creative centre in KwaMashu, Durban. The home of [[K-CAP]], ([[KwaMashu Com Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...e on the campuses of Afrikaans universities because of its liberal stance, and lost the more militant black students to SASO. So by the 1980s it was prima Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...d the [[NP]]’s Roelf Meyer to produce a new constitutional dispensation in South Africa at the end of 1991, This lead to the first democratic general electi Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...s other benefits, financial and otherwise, from endorsements, advertising and so on. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...tional Congress. It originated from the ANC’s Programme of Action of 1949, and led to an enormous increase of ANC membership. Among the leaders were *** Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...rmance]] or [[Event|event]] may take place. In the world of drama, theatre and performance, most often called a [[Theatre]] Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...Africa Theatre]], but also referred to the work of other creative artists and groups. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...oung artists who have reached a professional standing in their discipline, and are within the first five years of their professional careers. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...r's sausage. Widely used by everyone, it is an important part of the South African [[Braai|braai]]. It is also dried to make [[Droëwors|droëwors]], a delica Go to [[South African Theatre/Bibliography]]
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  • ...Goodbye, Roy Campbell, Man and Poet co-written and presented by Alan Paton and five other plays were staged amongst other events at this festival. (Tucker Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...o a particular group which is/has become conscious of its autonomy, unity, and particular interests. == Use in South Africa ==
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  • == Theatres and companies == Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...at of the creative process, It uses music, a couple of props and costumes, and some dynamic theatre skills to transform audience members' stories, without In South Africa this idea was taken up by the [[Bonfire Theatre Company]] in Cape To
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  • ...a (1994) and the new constitution (1996). This includes the armed struggle and the [[Cultural struggle]]. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...not rally the people to resistance. Examples of this include his own work and that of [[Maishe Maponya]]. [See also Kruger, 1999: 130, 154] Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...ions. E.g. as in "[[People's venues]]", “[[The People’s Space]]”, “[[South African People’s Plays]]”, “[[People’s theatre]]”, **** Related to a similar use of [[Popular|popular]] (i.e. "of the people") and ''populace'' (from the Latin ''populus'').
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  • ...in South Africa) refers to English speaking people living in South Africa and the works ''they'' have produced in the English language. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...h Laboratory Theatre setting the example. **** Used in the names of venues and companies (“The [[Market Laboratory]]”) Related to [[Workshop]]. *** Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...he service of the creative realization of the [[Playwright|playwright]]'s (and the producer's) vision. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...First coined for this purpose by Temple Hauptfleisch in an article (1993) and later in a book (1997. It has since come into more general use. See also [[Hybrid theatre]] and [[Syncretism]]
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  • ...banned in 1990 and thereafter became a minority political party in the new South Africa. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...]'', ''[[The Haunted Host]]'' and **. They played at the [[Space Theatre]] and a number of these also played at the [[Market Theatre]] Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...performance since praising is an important part of the peoples' political and literary expression. ...praise poetry is documentary, and speakers of many (and similar) southern African languages have retained this cultural expression to aid them in remembering
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  • ...([[CAP]], 1977-2001, renamed the [[Arts and Media Access Centre]] in 2002 and closing down in 2008); Go to [[South African Theatre/Bibliography]]
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  • ...r their performances, as well as being utilized in a variety of other acts and plays. . [Loren Kruger] * Coplan??* Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...n as ''theatre of commitment'': Theatre that addresses contemporary social and political issues in society. expand == Committed theatre in South Africa ==
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  • ...1991 **??, the dompas was replaced by a general identity document for all South Africans. **?? (See***) .... It was amended ** times, in 19**, 19**. Repealed in 19**. (See Boonzaier and Sharp1988, Brits, 1995; ***) .)
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  • ...h Laboratory Theatre setting the example. **** Used in the tiles of venues and companies (“[[''The Market Laboratory'']]” or simply ''The Market Lab'' Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • == Melodrama in South Africa == Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...Africa, including [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]], [[Swaziland]], [[Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]], etc. ...now generally referred to as the [[SADC]] countries ([[SADC]] = [[Southern African Development Community]]) in many cases.
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  • ...Lifetime Achievement Awards are Visual Arts, Theatre, Arts Advocacy, Music and Literature. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...and encompassed the [[Transvaal]] region of South Africa from 1852 to 1902 and had its capitol in Pretoria. ...ubliek]] in [[Dutch]], die [[Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek]] in [[Afrikaans]], and was also referred to as the [[ZAR]] or the [[Transvaal Republic]].
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  • ..., before the word [[amateur]] was taken on in the terms [[Amateur Toneel]] and ultimately, approximately in the 1970s, the term [[toneel]] was replaced by See also [[Amateur Theatre in South Africa]] and [[Community Theatre]]
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  • ...es of domestic life included scenes such as ''[[Ukuqomisa]]'' (“courting”) and ''[[Umthakathi]]'' (“diviner, sorcerer, trickster”). Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...rt can be found across a wide geographical and temporal spread of cultures and have been seen to mark territory, to record historical events or stories or ...ably important in Africa and Southern Africa, as records of the occurrance and form of performances among the [[San]].
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  • ...conciliatory. (E.g. such varied works as [[Ubu and the Truth Commission]] and [[Truth Ommissions]]). Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...xt of the Wiki programme (and hence of [[ESAT]]) links mean words, phrases and numerals that serve as reference points for cross-references to other entri Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • Written and submitted for the [[RSG/Sanlam Radiodramakompetisie]] ("[[RSG]]/Sanlam radi Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...ly of mutually intelligible languages spoken by about a third of the South African population. ...en by '''Nguni people''', which are a group of clans and nations living in south-east Africa - hence the term is also applied to the people as a group name.
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  • ...orientated” newspapers and magazines such as Golden City Post, Cape Herald and Drum. (See further, January, 1997) Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...efer to intimate, experimental theatre (especially referring to companies and spaces). ...]'' (Van Hoeck) in 1958, followed by ''[[Seven against the Sun]]'' (Brown) and ''[[Een Bruid in de Morgen]]'' (Claus).
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  • ...etc. The sound designer might also collaborate with others such as the set and lighting designers. In Afrikaans this person is called the '''Klankonwerper == Sound design in South Africa ==
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  • ...as exclusive promotions, discounts and competitions from much-loved stores and brands. ...is introduced by the inclusion of performances by local artists and bands and the ''Miss Spring Festival'' competition.
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  • ...’s and the early post-apartheid period and the processes of reconstruction and conciliation taking place. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...er Eurocentric-dominated societies, including Southern Africa. It evolved, and is often still used, as a counter-ideology to the perceived domination by W Proponents of [[Afrocentrism]] conceptualize an African heritage, often denying or minimizing Western or European cultural influenc
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  • Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...service, run by the [[South African Broadcasting Corporation]] ([[SABC]]) and broadcast nationwide. ...m. As part of the incentive, the best of the works submitted were recorded and broadcast by the radio station.
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  • Article 27 of the declaration refers specifically to culture and artistic and scientific activities: ...of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
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  • ...intention, bursting with categories, covering most literary and art forms and most theoretical perspectives. ...[[Arterial Network]] (an Africa-wide outflow of [[Artslink]] and **), *** and of course [[ESAT]] itself.
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  • ...as in the case of the examples mentioned. See further [[Absurd theatre in South Africa]] Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • .... It was amended ** times, in 19**, 19**. Repealed in 1986. (See Boonzaier and Sharp, 1988; Brits, 1995; ***) Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...nation). Important element in the notion of Afrikanerdom (=Afrikanerhood), and a strong theme in bourgeois Afrikaans drama of the 1920’s to 1950’s. Se == Land as a political issue in South Africa ==
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  • See '''[[Children's theatre in South Africa]]''' Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...ng a racialized and gendered profession whose contribution to the national and global economy remains invisible. == SADSAWU and theatre ==
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  • ...[[Basotho]]), an African ethnic group principally resident in South Africa and Lesotho. ...guage spoken in southern Africa, an official language of both South Africa and [[Lesotho]].
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  • ...cally contrasts this “ legitimate”South African theatre to the rising “New African theatre” ) Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...all kinds of theatre utilized to protest political and economic inequities and social ills. ...highly militant plays of the [[Agit-prop]] kind, aimed at inciting revolt and action.
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  • == Dance halls and popular dance and music == ...ved from the impact of Western and other cultural influences, notably jazz and the movies in the early part of the century.
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  • ..., by Johnny Clegg and his band Savuka, for their particular brand of South African rock. ...he music of the man who sings of his real-life experiences, his daily joys and sorrows, his observations of the world. It’s the music of the man who’s
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  • ...had a first term from 1924-1934, when it merged with Jan Smuts's '''South African Party''' in 19**, to become the '''United Party'''. ...d reunited into the '''New National Party''', which then merged with the [[African National Congress]] in 2005.
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  • ...using the experiences of older people as a source of artistic productions and therapeutic creativity. == Reminiscence Theatre in South Africa ==
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  • ...er 19th century colonialism and more specifically South Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries = [[Non-European]] as used in South Africa =
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  • The term kwela first originated as the name for the kwela music style and for a TV programme using the name. == As a musical and dance form ==
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  • ...about the struggle waged between the socialist freethinker Pol van Domburg and a local pasor. ==Translations and adaptations==
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  • ...on massive celebration spectaculars, for example the Olympic Games opening and closing ceremonies. == Lighting Design in South Africa ==
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  • ...on massive celebration spectaculars, for example the Olympic Games opening and closing ceremonies. == Lighting Design in South Africa ==
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  • ...was amended ** times, in 19**, 19**. Repealed in June 1991. (See Boonzaier and Sharp1988, ***) Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...of a character or performer. This usually involves researching, designing and building the actual items from conception. Costumes may be for a theater or ...ole is somewhat different as the theatre designer will design both costume and scenic elements. Someone who designs the costumes (often the props as well)
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  • ...tributor is given the general principles for working on the encyclopaedia, and provided with general outlines of what is contained in the various sections ...he encyclopaedia. They can also be copied and pasted into a word document, and worked on off-line.
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  • South Africa ...ce, and plays for young audiences. To honour his contribution to theatre, and especially young people's theatre, the theatre was renamed the [[Pieter Sch
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  • ...d ethnic backgrounds to share ideas, traditions, creativity, local culture and innovation. ...s, soccer mini games, foam parties, bungee trampoline as well as a fun run and fun walk.
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  • An amphitheatre is an open-air venue used for entertainment, sport and performances. They may be man-made or natural, they may be semi-circular (G == Amphitheatres in South Africa ==
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  • ...[The arts of South Africa]], though each in turn has its own delimitations and/or shortcomings. ...") performed, shown or broadcast in South Africa by locals and foreigners, and all local productions performed, broadcast, shown or toured abroad.
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  • ...[[Theatre of defiance]], [[Theatre of defiance|Theatre of determination]], and [[Resistance theatre|Theatre for resistance]]. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...activist writers and academics in the 1970’s-1980’s to refer to theatre by and for the oppressed masses (i.e. "the people"). Often an equivalent for [[Pop == People's theatre in South Africa ==
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  • ...is the name of a former freehold inner-city residential area in Cape Town, South Africa. ...er artists grew up there, and the region spawned many theatrical companies and initiatives over the years.
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  • ...” and singer [[Mzwakhe Mbuli]], and delivered an izibongo to the new state and another to the new President, Nelson Mandela. (See also lithoko) (See Lore ...form and function of the izibongo in contemporary twentieth century South African theatre. ** (Kruger, 1999)
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  • ...Greek and Indian literature, in particular in the ancient art of rhetoric and the most notable non-theatrical examples in Western literature are the dial ...y, a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people. And it is thus a primary element in a staged play, which is essentially a perf
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  • ==The history and == ...stainable relationships and networks for theatre development, both locally and abroad.
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  • 1985: SADWU (South African Domestic Workers Union) is founded. ...Employment Equity Act, which prohibits discrimination in hiring practices and work standards, is passed. Domestic Workers not covered.
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  • ...pact on South African performance culture, as Bosman (1964), Coplan (1985) and Kruger (1999) show. ...Christy Entertainment Show]]'' in the [[Oddfellows Hall]] on 19 April 1869 and another evening's entertainment on the 27th May.
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  • ...or city. ([[Stadskouburg]] in [[Afrikaans]], [[Stads Schouwburg]] in Dutch and early [[Afrikaans]].) The term often incorporporated into the name of the p ...[[Johannesburg Civic Theatre]], it may on occasion referred to in writings and conversation as the '''The Civic Theatre''' or simply '''The Civic'''
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  • ...g by many role-players, even some of the more despised nationalist leaders and ministers. ...ignored, while the negotiations were taking place between the NP, the ANC and other parties.
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  • ...Vermis]]'' was a propaganda film made for the Red Cross, in an [[English]] and an [[Afrikaans]] version, the [[Afrikaans]] one being titled ''[[Vermis]]'' Written and submitted for the [[RSG/Sanlam Radiodramakompetisie]] ("[[RSG]]/Sanlam radi
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  • The original term [[arena]] derives from the Romans and refers 1. It is used adjectivally to describe a certain type of seating and stage set up, often referred to as [[theatre-in-the-round]] or [[arena thea
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  • ...lack culture]]", "[[Black Theatre|Black theatre]]", "Black South Africans" and so on.) == South African usage ==
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  • The theatrical concept [[found space]] refers to the practice of fitting up and using a non-theatrical spaces for the presentation of a [[theatrical event] ...mounted in cathedrals, warehouses, city parks, rural fields, dance clubs, and street corners.
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  • ...n the “optional meal” type of presentation) . Such venues offered a cheap and popular option to hiring an expensive theatre venue. ...967. Some of the longer term venues of this kind include the [[Black Sun]] and the [[Chelsea Hotel]] in Hillbrow, Johannesburg, [[After Dark]] in Pretoria
    2 KB (260 words) - 06:53, 21 December 2010
  • 1. a South African '''expression''' and/or '''literary theme'''. 2. a 1949 South African '''film'''
    2 KB (302 words) - 08:59, 18 November 2022
  • ...orld. This is part of the theatre technician's and management's daily life and responsibility. ...ndard Building Regulations (Act 33 of 1962), National Building Regulations and Building Standards (1977), The Application of the National Building Regulat
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  • ...ent as a whole, go there. The discussion of the ''implications for theatre and performance studies'' below however are by the editor of [[ESAT]]. ...including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area. With a billion people (as of 2009) in 61 terr
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  • ...e'' in 197*) and his friend and mentor [[Peter Brook]] (''The Open Space'' and the preface to ''Towards a Poor Theatre''). == Poor theatre in South Africa ==
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  • ...embers of one of the three [[Dutch Reformed]] churches and their branches) and their nationalist-oriented political beliefs. ...attributed to the [[Afrikaner]] identity (particularly so since the 1950s and the rise of the Afrikaner-driven ideology of [[Apartheid]]).
    2 KB (270 words) - 08:21, 25 May 2014
  • ...uth African Congress of Democrats]], the [[South African Indian Congress]] and the [[Coloured Peoples' Congress]]. ...also became one of the key founding documents of a democratic South Africa and is regarded by many as second only to the constitution in the country's hie
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  • ...ently used for political purposes. It would appear that for some theorists and practitioners this concept is related to Augusto Boal's notion of "Invisib ...emlett (2013) has written about the proliferation of such venues in Spain. And the term micro theatre seems to be applied in this case as well. Similarly
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  • ...nservative and repressive doctrine which ordered political, social, sexual and other aspects of everyday life. ...gious practices, including the agniosticism of Communism. These prejudices and other Calvinist interpretations of the bible were utilized to support the d
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  • This term has had three distinct uses in South Africa during the late 20th century. ...tertaining productions (comedies, farces, musicals, and so on), but could (and did) on occasion include more serious work (e.g. P.G. du Plessis’s Siener
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  • ...e companies. Directors utilize a wide variety of techniques, philosophies, and levels of collaboration. ...ral interpretation of the play, for the conduct of the rehearsals, guiding and advising performers. (Referred to in Afrikaans – as on the European conti
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  • ...l aim is to allow Capetonians to view more work by South Africa's emerging and established [[theatre-makers]]. See also '''[[Fringe Theatre]]''' and '''[[Grahamstown Festival]]'''
    2 KB (278 words) - 09:00, 23 May 2017
  • ...ational Festival]] is a women's festival presented annually by the [[South African State Theatre]]. ...e. It has been put on during August every year since 2013, except for 2020 and 2021, when the [[COVID 19]] lockdown restrictions prevented the festival fr
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  • ...ica for the showing of [[Bioscope|bioscope]] films and for [[music hall]] and [[vaudeville]] performances. '''See also [[Music hall]] and [[Bioscope]]'''
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  • ...rimental theatre]] is broad term for a non-traditional approach to theatre and dance. ...tles of venues and companies (“The Market Laboratory”) Related to Workshop and Laboratory. See the writings of Robert Kavanagh, Mark Fleischman, [**Give l
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  • = The New African as concept = ...n important impetus to the development of the evolving black urban culture and the later phase of the cultural struggle.
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  • ...ect" in 1619. The church gained recognition as the state religion in 1651, and the Dutch East India Company, as an extension of the state in southern Afri ...Church]] can refer to two of the three reformed [[Afrikaans]] churches in South Africa:
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  • ...ometimes performed in the street but more usually as house-to-house visits and in public houses. ...rformers of several different kinds. Mumming may have precedents in German and French carnival customs, with rare but close parallels also in late medieva
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  • ...(particularly after 1994), as numerous small companies travel the country and play the various festivals. Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...eriod, new writers surfaced, who also seem to tap into an absurdist style and mode - among them ***. (LO) (See Brink, 1978, Conradie, 1992, Haffter, 1992 Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...atire and fun, and ultimately an independent genre, usually an extravagant and ludicrously performed piece (often in one act).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wi ...* , Hotel Paradiso (18**) ** and ** are classic examples, also produced in South Africa.
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  • ...ay and/or [[performance]], including but not at all limited to stage plays and performances. ...dia.org/wiki/Procession], and so on), political rallies, protest marches, and so on.
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  • ...h Africa on theatre and the arts, and abroad about theatre and the arts in South Africa: == Fostering Cultural Diversity and Development: Local, National and Global Strategies ==
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  • == African National Theatre as a concept == This notion was a dream of and a proposal by [[H.I.E. Dhlomo]], though never realised as he had envisaged
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  • Broadly speaking, in South African usage, the noun can either refer to a general human activity (as in childr ...[[Produksie]]. [[Toneel]] (or latterly [[Teater]]), [[Teatergebeurtenis]], and so on.
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  • ...lly often sentimentally presented - and occasionally questioned, satirised and/or comically portrayed. These plays were often created by companies to be ...Bruggen]]'s classic ''[[Ampie]]''. Gradually, in the face of new theories and practices of theatremaking, it slipped into being a term of derision.
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  • === Origins and aims === ...[Athol Fugard]]’s call for them to refuse to have their plays performed in South Africa, as part of the general '''cultural boycott''' against the country.
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  • ...cational theatre|Theatre in Education]], [[Sociodrama]], [[Psychodrama]], and so on.) ...past and present inequities – including issues of health, social welfare and violence.
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  • ...lstoy, in which he suggested that men live as Christ had directed. Gandhi and Tolstoy corresponded until Tolstoy’s death 1910. In his last letter Tolst ...0th century, including the ANC and other resistance groups in South Africa and most notably Martin Luther King in the USA.
    2 KB (312 words) - 10:43, 10 September 2010
  • == A Dictionary of South African English == Compiled and edited by Jean Branford [http://www.pharos.co.za/authors/8655]. ISBN 0 19 5
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  • ...quo.(see for example the role of public performances such as [[pageants]] and patriotic plays written to celebrate key national achievements). == Political theatre in South Africa ==
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  • ...staged ''in the [[Afrikaans]] language (or a regional variant of it)'' by South Africans. Depending on the focus, this may include [[Afrikaans]] language t ...lays, films, TV programmes, etc., and these are often counted as Afrikaans and English (or Sotho, Xhosa, Zulu, etc.). In the case of performances, this us
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  • (3) A slightly older term for '''[[Theatre]]''' as a social and artistic activity, in the English sense. Gradually replaced by '''[[Teater] === Toneelspeel and Toneelspeler ===
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  • == The Cultural Struggle as a political movement in South Africa == ...nsciousness]], [[Protest theatre]], [[Art as a Weapon]]) These experiences and the underlying philosophies inevitably influenced the subsequent arts polic
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  • ...even in songs, poetry and novels. The origins and the name are uncertain, and many theories have been advanced. One of the most widely held is that it or ...or songs, either improvised or previously created. Some sources claim that South Africans learned it from Zimbabweans.
    2 KB (335 words) - 16:47, 24 February 2014
  • ...ntexts still – some of the more innovative work has come from this source, and for long times in the history of the country the “amateurs” have consti ...isting of [[professional]] artists and workers, working for financial gain and for whom the income is their sole (or major) source of income.
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  • == Trade unions in South Africa == South Africa has a vibrant trade union movement that played a major role in the s
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  • ...s [[Lara Foot]] and and [[Zoleka Helesi]], it was first presented in 2011, and usually takes place in March. ...rse artistic activities, be followed by the Main Programme (14 to 18 March)and an award ceremony on the Saturday the 19th March. The winning production r
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  • ...change their world by allowing them to focus on and solve their own social and political problems in a theatrical setting. ...d the audience. The strategy breaks through the barrier between performers and audience, putting them on an equal footing. It enables participants to try
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  • ...ge''': English / '''Genre''': Drama/Musical / '''Alternative Title''': ''[[African Jim]]''. ...ah]]) and the girl ([[Dolly Rathebe]]), but also from the African Inkspots and the Jazz Maniacs.
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  • ...s and cities.[1][2] The term township also has a distinct legal meaning in South Africa's system of land title, which carries no racial connotations. = South African definition and use of the term =
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  • ...existed. Indeed basic [[storytelling]] often involves multiple characters and various transformations by the narrator. ...mers in the piece. The use of transformation is also often found in farces and comedies, as well as one-person shows. Also referred to as '''quick change
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  • ...he food, the process and the cultural practice - as well as the subject of and/or names for at least the following two [[stage play]]s''' ='''Braai''' as food, cultural practice and/or event=
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  • The word [[Fringe]] has been part of theatrical terminology since the late 1940s. It has had many meanings over the years of course, and its cultural and social meanings are also quite diverse. For instance, the word is defined a
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  • ...efer to proposals for governmental legislation. See Legislation on Theatre and the Arts. == Various Bills on the Arts in South Africa ==
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  • A bill which first prescribed the licensing of places of entertainment in South Africa. ..., since it substantially reduced their profits. The taxes were implemented and monitored through the sale of tax stamps, which had to be affixed to each t
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  • == Oral performance traditions in South Africa == ...olitical commentary. (Kashula, Russel (Ed) 1993. "Foundations in Southern African Oral Literature." Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.)
    2 KB (330 words) - 17:07, 17 September 2010
  • ...sually refers to theatre and performance forms and works deriving from the African continent. ...fic [[Venue|performance venue]] in South Africa, see the entry on '''[[The African Theatre]]'''''.
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  • ...till 1912. *** (See entries on individual companies. Sources: Bosman, 1928 and 1980; Binge, 1969; Fletcher, 1994) Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • ...till 1912. *** (See entries on individual companies. Sources: Bosman, 1928 and 1980; Binge, 1969; Fletcher, 1994) Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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  • The term [[performance]], and the many related terms ([[perform]], [[performing]], [[performer]]) have m ...achievement (e.g in engineering, sport, business, etc) by people, animals and/or inanimate objects, machines, etc.
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  • ...performance venue—a restaurant or nightclub with a stage for performances and the audience sitting at tables (often dining or drinking) watching the perf ...lishments can also feature some form of stage entertainment, often singers and dancers.
    3 KB (478 words) - 09:27, 9 May 2022
  • ...o been adopted and used metaphorically in a range of other ways in theatre and [[performance]] since the 20th century. = The concept [[workshop]] used in theatre and performance=
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  • ...n of the old Boer republics rose up against the government of the Union of South Africa. Many members of the government were themselves former Boers who had ...South African government. At their August congress the NP opposed invasion and on 15 August there was a republican demonstration in Lichtenburg.
    3 KB (522 words) - 08:51, 15 December 2010
  • ...ces specifically undertaken by officers and by sailors (both on board ship and on land), especially in the 19th century. ==Examples from South Africa==
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  • ...[[Griqua]] race has a mixed-race lineage that comprises indigenous, slave and European ancestry. They were initially known as "[[Bastard Hottentots]]" , ...which is now a space that offers insight into Griqua and Khoi-San culture and traditions.
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  • = Community Theatre as a generic term and concept = ...mprovised work, deriving from, based on and addressing the problems, needs and issues that pertain in that particular community.
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  • == The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in South Africa == == The TRC and theatre ==
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  • ...a, taking place annually in Cape Town on the 2nd of January (both the date and the carnival itself are often referred to in [[Afrikaans]] as '''[[Tweede N ...erent origin and set of aims, convenes a broader based participating group and eyes another target audience'''''.
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  • ...mation on the '''University of Stellenbosch''', the '''Drama Department''' and the various divisions click on the following link: http://www.sun.ac.za/ind ...see the sections below on ''Acknowledgements'' and ''Background , origins and history'' ).
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  • = Conservatoires of Music in South Africa = ...e Town Department of Drama) Later in th 1930s ** Peffer was head of Speech and Drama ?*
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  • ...ed by [[Apartheid]] classification to refer both to people of [[Khoekhoe]] and [[San]] descent ads well as all those of mixed-race ([[European]]/[[Non-Eur ...[[kaffir]] or [[black]] would be used to refer to all and any people of [[African]] or [[Bantu]] descent (except the [[Khoi-San]]), irrespective of their par
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  • ...omime]] is the name given to a particular kind of theatrical presentation, and sometimes to a particular form of performance (e.g. [[mime]]). ...s, actions, feelings, and so without words, using only gestures, movements and facial expressions - i.e. as the equivalent of the word "Mime"[http://www.d
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  • Broadly speaking [[French Theatre in South Africa]] can refer to three things: ...e of South Africa (IFAS)[http://www.ambafrance-rsa.org/French-Institute-of-South-Africa,896].
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  • ...een used as the name of a TV documentary series on the theatre industry in South Africa. ...of popular musical and other lighter commercial forms of entertainment in South Africa.
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  • ...South_African_Theatre/Bibliography|A Bibliography of South African Theatre and Performance]] , which contains a comprehensive list of all the books, journals and articles utilised, as well as the names of other works useful for backgrou
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  • ...s in contrast to a '''[[Non-European]]''' person, indigenous to (i.e. born and living in) any other place on earth. === Use of the term in South Africa ===
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  • ...is was applied particularly to a solo (or group) programme of verse, prose and/or dramatic sketches as part of an evening of theatre, various public occas ...olution of the Afrikaans [[Festival|festival circuit]] in in the late 20th and even early 21st centuries.
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  • ...practitioners and groups. There have been a number of such initiatives in South Africa. See also [[Community Theatre]] and [[Festival]]
    5 KB (737 words) - 18:36, 18 October 2023
  • ...or [[Stadsaal]] in [[Afrikaans]]) commonly refer to the municipal offices and the public hall in a town or city. = Meaning of the terms '''[[City Hall]]''' and '''[[Town Hall]]''' =
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  • ...spelling]]. (See "Language and Style" under ''Basic Principles of Editing and Using ESAT''[http://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Basic_principles_in_editing_an ...e accepted that everyone ''knows'' what is meant by it - or at least knows and accepts the usual dictionary explantations of it. (e.g. "1: An open air edi
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  • === Dance, theatre and performance === === Dance and Physical Theatre ===
    5 KB (740 words) - 06:22, 22 December 2010
  • ...is a slang word referring to a young, lay-about or gangster, usually young and often referring to black or coloured individuals, though it is also found a ...ed a sort of outlaw glamour, displayed in their expensive American clothes and cars”. Among their many activities they apparently also demanded protecti
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  • ..., Sound, Decor Painting, Costumes, Make-up and Properties. Theatre History and Stage technology are compulsory subjects in the first three years. (JN) == History of training in South Africa ==
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  • ...e [[Dutch]] cultural societies which played an important role in [[Dutch]] and [[Afrikaans]] theatre in the 19th century. ...of a "college de rhétorique", which sought to promote poetry and rhetoric and took root in Southern Holland in the 15th century.
    5 KB (780 words) - 05:41, 21 March 2021
  • ...esides the fact that a church service is in fact a [[theatrical event]] in and of itself, the church has on occasion over the ages made use of the stage t .... In this entry, we consider some prominent moments in history when church and theatre publically supported or opposed each other.
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  • South African researchers Alfred Jennings and Hendrik Johannes van der Bijl gained international recognition for their pi == Broadcast radio in South Africa ==
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  • == [[National Theatre]] and [[State Theatre]] as concepts == ...numerous examples of the phrase being used in the latter sense by authors and speakers (see for instance ten "Examples from the Web for national theatre"
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  • == Classical Theatre in South Africa == ...(PC & TH) (See further: Astbury, 1979; Bosman, 1980; Binge, 1969; Burrow and Williams-Short, 1988; PACT Decade. 1972; Inskip, 1972; Stead, 1985; Stopfor
    7 KB (1,124 words) - 16:43, 17 April 2018
  • ...ive, experimental, non-racial theatre company started by [[Barney Simon]] and [[Mannie Manim]] in Johannesburg in 1974. ...one, The Company took every production to the Transvaal’s black, coloured and Indian areas as well.
    7 KB (1,116 words) - 20:35, 20 October 2014
  • ...abi]]'' can refer to a twentieth century urban song and dance tradition in South Africa, to a novel or to a number of stage adaptations of the novel. = The music and dance form =
    7 KB (1,102 words) - 15:46, 27 May 2024
  • [[Mbaqanga]] is an influential style of South African music. ...oundaries. The music genre mbaganga developed during this time (the 1960s) and to this day most of the major record labels are white-owned companies with
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  • [[Open-air theatre]] is the general term for all kinds of theatrical and musical performances hat take place out of doors. ...the outdoors, including [[amphitheatre]]s, [[arena]]s, [[stadium|stadia]], and [[found space]]s (such as [[street theatre]]).
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  • ...up to investigate something in order to find out more information about it and possibly to make recommendations for steps to be taken or improvements to b Issues regarding the arts and artists have over the years also been subject to '''Commissions of Enquiry'
    9 KB (1,327 words) - 18:20, 30 March 2016
  • = Festivals in South Africa = ...ng been a venue for theatrical performance(s) throughout the world, and in South Africa.
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  • ...develop a common civic culture based on the values of freedom and liberty, and of human rights, as derived from the Western civilization, while encouragin ...pplied to the arts, i.e. works of art produced in such a way as to involve and represent multiple cultural traditions in an integrated form.
    9 KB (1,351 words) - 11:09, 21 November 2013
  • In order to undertake this project, we needed to answer a number of questions and agree upon some basic principles. Some of the more important of these are b == Language and style ==
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  • ...Bruggen]]'s classic ''[[Ampie]]''. Gradually, in the face of new theories and practices of theatremaking, it slipped into being a term of derision. ...st coherent and persuasive arguments for this, for they paint an endearing and enjoyably theatrical portrait of small-town life.
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  • == Background and context == ...y Kingdom of Lesotho, the country is 1,2 million square kilometers in size and spans the continent, from the Atlantic ocean on the west coast to the India
    10 KB (1,541 words) - 16:30, 8 April 2020
  • ...nse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns]] ("[[South African Academy for Science and Art]]") . == Founding and aims ==
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  • [[Carnival]] is a term broadly referring to a specific kind of public event and entertainment. '''See also the entries on ''[[Festival]]'', ''[[Cape Minstrel Carnival]]'' and ''[[Cape Town Carnival]]'''''
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  • ...outh Africa has been profound, as indeed it has been throughout the Empire and the world. ...e life survive, there is much uncertainty about the truth of this version, and Shakespearean authorship question[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare
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  • == '''Children's Theatre''' and '''Theatre for Young People''' in general == == Children's theatre and Theatre for the youth in South Africa ==
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  • == Indians in South Africa == ...d upon the retelling of extracts from the great Hindu epics , the Ramayana and the Mahabarata.
    25 KB (3,925 words) - 10:05, 4 June 2021
  • ...cal forms for various reasons, or are part of an integrated set of events, and are therefore taken up here (see below). ...th Jacopo Peri's mostly lost work ''Dafne'', produced in Florence in 1598) and soon spread through the rest of Europe. The form was initially viewed as an
    20 KB (3,116 words) - 16:24, 23 April 2024
  • ...onsists of two main sections, two providing general overviews of the South African context: ...' to an ''[[Index to South African Theatre and Media Critics, Commentators and Reviewers]]'').
    40 KB (6,148 words) - 09:26, 22 August 2022
  • ...radition of putting on theatrical entertainments for their fellow officers and men (i.e. "theatre by members of the garrison"), even for the general publi ...[Afrikaans]] by the use of the two terms [[Garnisoenskouburg]] (the venue) and [[Garnisoenstoneel]] (the activity).
    24 KB (3,766 words) - 15:30, 20 August 2021
  • ...atory. It originally opened in 1931, but was then reconfigured and rebuilt and opened in 1934. ...as the "'''[[UCT Little Theatre]]'''" or simply as "'''[[The Little]]'''", and '''[[Die Kleinteater]]''' in [[Afrikaans]]).
    23 KB (3,536 words) - 17:58, 24 February 2024
  • ...arts criticism]], largely focused on three subsections - on Theatre, Film, and Radio & TV) 2: ''[[An index to South African Critics, Commentators and Reviewers]]''.
    50 KB (7,465 words) - 14:49, 26 January 2022
  • ...see: [[P.J. du Toit]] (1988). For some other aspects, see also '''[[South African Theatre/Overview]]'''. =[[Amateur]] and Amateur Theatre=
    31 KB (4,756 words) - 15:46, 23 March 2021
  • ...ners, which continued to be moderately strong into the early 20th century, and which has some continuity down to today's buskers or street musicians. ...n American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in "[[blackface]]"[https://en.wikipedia.or
    38 KB (5,938 words) - 05:22, 27 December 2021
  • ...Blog: Some Initial Thoughts on the Evolution of Theatrical Commentary in South Africa’. In: ''Critical Stages'' 2(1) March 2010. A shorter article, util == Introduction: Theories, paradigms and definitions ==
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  • = Censorship in South Africa = ...ldom exercised in practice. In all, an average of about 70 films per year, and 7000 publications were banned in the decade in which this Act was in operat
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