Medea

Medea by Euripides (431 BC)

The original text

A play based upon the myth of Jason and Medea and first produced in 431 BC. The plot centers on the barbarian protagonist as she finds her position in the Greek world threatened, and the revenge she takes against her husband Jason who has betrayed her for another woman. Euripides produced Medea along with the lost plays Philoctetes, Dictys and the satyr play Theristai, winning the third prize (out of three) at the City Dionysia festival for that year.

The original play

1866: Performed on 26 March in the Theatre Royal, Cape Town, by the Le Roy-Duret Company featuring Marie Duret as "Medea", with Turn Him Out (Williams) as afterpiece.

1866: Performed again on 13 April in the Theatre Royal, Cape Town, by the Le Roy-Duret Company, with Winning a Husband (Buckstone) as afterpiece.

1908: The first Afrikaans version of the original text (by **) was done by the Afrikaans-Hollandse Toneelvereniging in Potchefstroom and Ermelo (1907), then in the Opera House, Pretoria, April, on 1908, to an invited audience including the colonial secretary, General J.C. Smuts. Backdrops painted by the artist Frans Oerder.

1935: Presented in English by the University of Cape Town's Speech and Drama Department at the Little Theatre, directed by Ruth Peffers.

1973: An Afrikaans translation by Roelf Laubscher was done by PACOFS in 1973 by the SUKOVS Werksteater, directed by Jannie Gildenhuys.

1986: In 1986 the play was designed and directed by John Giese for the Eoan Theatre Group. The cast included Theresa Cloete, Raffaele Sabatini, Veronica Edwards, Neil Stoffberg, Edgar Whitley, Bernadette Stevens, Wendy Ely, Estelle Webster, Shamien Essack, Joseph Mitchell, performed in the Baxter Studio.

1994: An adaptation was staged by Jazzart and Magnet Theatre in The Arena in the Nico Malan Theatre in 1994, directed by Mark Fleishman and Jennie Reznek, with Bo Petersen (Medea) and Kurt Wustmann (Jason), Jay Pather, Dawn Langdown and Heinrich Reisenhofer. Choreography by Alfred Hinkel. This production went to the Grahamstown Festival in 1995 and the Market Theatre in 1996.

2011: A translation into Afrikaans of this text by Arnold Blumer was directed by Marthinus Basson for TEATERteater at Woordfees 2011 and Aardklop 2012, with Coba-Maryn Wilsenach as Medea.

2019: An adapted version of the play, developed and performed by Dario D’Ambrosi's Rome based company and school L’ Associazione del Teatro Patologico[1] (generally referred to as Teatro Patologico), was staged in the Mannie Manim Theatre at The Market Theatre, Johannesburg on 27 September and 28 September, appearing under the auspices of the Italian Cultural Institute in Pretoria and The Market Theatre Foundation. The cast consisted of people with disabilities and professional actors.

International and local adaptations of the Medea text

Medea by Franz Grillparzer [2] (1821)

The original text

The culminating events of Grillparzer's trilogy of reworked Greek plays, Das goldene Vlies (The Golden Fleece). The theme is the tragedy of the heart's desire, the conflict of the simple happy life with that sinister power, be it genius or ambition, which upsets the equilibrium of life. Medea, her revenge stilled, her children dead, bears the fatal Fleece back to Delphi, while Jason is left to realize the nothingness of human striving and earthly happiness. The end is bitter disillusionment; the only consolation renunciation. Some critics consider Medea Grillparzer's highest achievement.

South African productions

Produced in South Africa at The Space (Cape Town), adapted and directed by Barney Simon in his directorial debut at The Space from 9 July to 20 August 1977, with Yvonne Bryceland, Charles Comyn, Wilson Dunster, Chris Galloway, Joel Maister, Michael Maister, Nomhle Nkonyeni and Jacqui Singer. Music by Mike Dickman, set by John Nankin and costumes by Zsuzsanna Kovacs and Danny Malan. Lighting: Dimitri Nicolas-Fanourakis.

Barney Simon directed this version at the Edinburgh Festival and at the Riverside Studios in Hammersmith by Traverse Theatre, with Yvonne Bryceland in the cast, from August 1983.

Medea, or The Best of Mothers with a Brute of a Husband by Robert B. Brough

The original text

A burlesque version in one act by Robert B. Brough ()[], it was first performed at the Roayl Olympic Theatre on 14 July, 1856, and published by Thomas Hailes Lacy (Lacy's acting edition, no. 393) in 1856.

Medea by Robinson Jeffers (1946)

South African performances

1955: Produced by Pietro Nolte for the Cape Town Theatre Company at the Rondebosch Town Hall, with Lydia Lindeque as Medea, Jennifer Craig, Percy Sieff, Peter Craig, Pietro Nolte and others in the cast, October 1955.

1962: In 1962 the English adaptation by American poet Robinson Jeffers (1887-1962) [3] was staged by the Durban Lyric Theatre Company, directed by Peter Craig with Lydia Lindeque as Medea.

Medea by Dieter Reible

The original text

Dieter Reible wrote a German version of the original play for a solo performance by his second wife at an avant-garde theatre in Poland.

South African performances

1981: This version was translated into English and was performed by Trix Pienaar at the Baxter Studio, directed by Reible, opening 13 May 1981. (Manuscript (?) held by NELM: [Collection: LILENSTEIN, Mavis]: 2007. 9. 17. 2).

2011: Reible's adaptation of Medea was translated into Afrikaans by Arnold Blumer and performed at the Woordfees, directed by Marthinus Basson, starring Coba-Maryn Wilsenach.

Kabuki Medea by Shozo Sato

South African performances

1992 or 1993: A production was staged at an unknown venue in Natal, directed by Shozo Sato and starring Brenda Radloff.

Demea‎ by Guy Butler

The original text

A South African adaptation, based on Medea, first performed at the Grahamstown Festival in 1990, directed by Dieter Reible, and published by David Philip, 1990.

South African performances

1990: Produced at the National Arts Festival and the Alexander Theatre, directed by Dieter Reible. Decor by Lindy Roberts. The cast included Nomsa Xaba as Demea, Louis van Niekerk as Kroon, Graham Hopkins as Jonas Barker, Dale Cutts (Fitzwilliam), Peter Se-Puma (Agaan), Christopher Wells, Bill Curry, Ulrich Dupont and members of the PACT Company. Designer Lindy Roberts, lighting designer Paul Pamboukian.

2007: Produced by students of the University of the Free State Drama Department, Scaena Theatre, directed by Leendert de Jager.

MedEia by Oscar van Woensel et. al. (1998)

The original text

Created by Oscar van Woensel, in collaboration with Kuno Bakker and Manja Topper, the text of MedEia presents a fragmented stream of consciousness version of the Medea story.

First produced by the company Dood Paard in 1998.

South African performances

2003: First performed in South Africa by the Third World Bunfight as a site-specific performance at the University of the Witwatersrand, designed and directed by Brett Bailey, text direction by Lara Bye, with Faniswa Yisa as Medea, James MaccGregor, Frank Paco, Mbali Kgosidintsi, Indalo Stofile, Namhla Tshuka and Apollo Ntshoko.

2005: The site-specific version was repeated at the Spier Arts Summer Season (Stellenbosch).

2012: Reworked for stage production in the Zurich Theater Spektakel, Theaterfestival Basel, Berliner Festspiele, and 7 Dutch cities including Amsterdam and Rotterdam.

2012: Staged at the Baxter Theatre, designed and directed by Brett Bailey, with Faniswa Yisa (Medea), Frank Paco, James McGregor, Apollo Ntshoko, Indalo Stofile, Mbali Kgosidintsi and Namhla Chuka.

Mamma Medea by Tom Lanoye (2001)

The original text

The story of "Medea" is used to address contemporary problems (such as migration and man vs. woman), with Lanoye also seeking to analyze ideas such as the love that develops from the initial passion, problems in the marriage, and the "final hour" of the love between Jason and Medea.

Published 2001 by Prometeus.

Translated into Afrikaans as Mamma Medea by Antjie Krog,

South African performances

2003: The Afrikaans translation by Antjie Krog was performed for the Woordfees (Stellenbosch) and the Aardklop festival (Potchefstroom), directed by Marthinus Basson, with Neels van Jaarsveld, Anthea Thompson, Antoinette Kellermann, Jannie Gagiano.

Sources

Wikipedia [4]

https://www.worldcat.org/title/medea-or-the-best-of-mothers-with-a-brute-of-a-husband-a-burlesque-in-one-act/oclc/8541939

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112041362572&view=1up&seq=5

F.C.L. Bosman. 1980. Drama en Toneel in Suid-Afrika, Deel II, 1856-1912. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik: pp.203, 206, 208-9, 295.

Third World Bunfight [5]

Teaterteater programme

Inskip, 1972. p.120 (1935 production).

Photocopies from Percy Sieff's scrapbook held by NELM: [Collection: SIEFF, Percy]: 2013. 25. 4. 28. (1955 production).

Medea theatre programme, 1955.

Astbury 1979.

Review by Fiona Chisholm, unititled, undated newspaper clipping (circa 1981) and Die Burger, 5 March 2011 (re Reible adaptation).

Barrow, Brian & Williams-Short, Yvonne 1988.

Beeld, 19 Jul 1990, The Star, 30 July 1990, Volksblad, 4 June 2007.

National Arts Festival programme, 1990.

Van Zyl Smit 2005; 2007.

Cape Times, 18 September 2012.

"Teatro Patologico visits the Market Theatre", Market Theatre Foundation - Artslink.co.za News (09/01/2019).

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