Difference between revisions of "Cape Town Dramatic Club"
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The [[Cape Town Dramatic Club]] was an amateur society active in Cape Town in the 1850s. | The [[Cape Town Dramatic Club]] was an amateur society active in Cape Town in the 1850s. | ||
| − | Also found as the '''[[Cape Town Theatrical Club]] | + | Also found as the '''the [[C.T. Dramatic Club]], the [[Cape Town Theatrical Club]], or simply referred to as the [[C.T.D.C.]]''' |
The club was the source of the spin-off society, the '''[[Alfred Dramatic Club]]''' (later '''[[Royal Alfred Dramatic Club]]'''), founded by dissident members in 1860. The remaining members continued as the [[Cape Town Dramatic Club]] for another season, after which they performed with the new company under a joint name as the '''[[Cape Town and Royal Alfred Dramatic Club]]'''. | The club was the source of the spin-off society, the '''[[Alfred Dramatic Club]]''' (later '''[[Royal Alfred Dramatic Club]]'''), founded by dissident members in 1860. The remaining members continued as the [[Cape Town Dramatic Club]] for another season, after which they performed with the new company under a joint name as the '''[[Cape Town and Royal Alfred Dramatic Club]]'''. | ||
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The [[Cape Town Dramatic Club]] (originally founded as the '''[[Cape Town Theatrical Club]]''') was a male-only amateur dramatic society founded at [[Mr Welch]]'s residence in Buitekant Street, in the Cape Town in 1857 or 1858 by or under the auspices of Senator [[R.W. Murray]], who was the first President of the club. The club had rooms in Darling Street and, by arrangement with [[Sefton Parry]], made use of the [[Harrington Street Theatre]] for their theatrical activities, which included melodrama, comedy, burlesque and farce, as well as well as ballet (performed by [[Mr Aldridge]] and [[Mr Westropp]]). | The [[Cape Town Dramatic Club]] (originally founded as the '''[[Cape Town Theatrical Club]]''') was a male-only amateur dramatic society founded at [[Mr Welch]]'s residence in Buitekant Street, in the Cape Town in 1857 or 1858 by or under the auspices of Senator [[R.W. Murray]], who was the first President of the club. The club had rooms in Darling Street and, by arrangement with [[Sefton Parry]], made use of the [[Harrington Street Theatre]] for their theatrical activities, which included melodrama, comedy, burlesque and farce, as well as well as ballet (performed by [[Mr Aldridge]] and [[Mr Westropp]]). | ||
| − | According to separate lists provided by Murray and Groom (see Bosman, 1980: pp. 142-3), members over time included [[William Groom]] (director, stage manager, designer, etc for the club) [[William Sherman]], [[John Ross Jnr]], [[Mr Aldridge]], [[Mr Westropp]] (secretary), [[G. Galt]], [[George Prince]], [[E. Christian]], [[Mrs Hutchinson]], [[Miss Hutchinson]] (later [[Mrs. Wood]]), [[Mrs Maston]], [[Mrs Forrester]], [[Miss Wilters]], [[James Ansdell]], [[J. Rowe]], [[Mr Hawthorne]], [[Dr Pitt]], [[Dr Palgrave]], [[I.R. Taylor]], [[Mr Benjamin]] and [[Mrs Sefton Parry]]. | + | According to separate lists provided by Murray and Groom (see Bosman, 1980: pp. 142-3), members over time included [[William Groom]] (director, stage manager, designer, etc for the club) [[William Sherman]], [[John Ross Jnr]], [[Mr Aldridge]], [[Mr Westropp]] (secretary), [[G. Galt]], [[George Prince]], [[E. Christian]], [[Mrs Hutchinson]], [[Miss Hutchinson]] (later [[Mrs. Wood]]), [[Mrs Maston]], [[Mrs Forrester]], [[Miss Wilters]], [[James Ansdell]], [[J. Rowe]], [[Mr Hawthorne]], [[Dr Pitt]], [[Dr Palgrave]], [[I.R. Taylor]], [[Mr Benjamin]], [[Mr Billiston]] and [[Mrs Sefton Parry]]. |
Several professional performers, besides Parry and his wife, worked with and/or appeared for the club on occasion; among them [[J.E.H. English]], [[Charles Fraser]] and [[Clara Tellett]]. After his return to Cape Town in 1857, [[Sefton Parry]] also utilized the club members (as well as those from other local companies) to produce his own pantomime and other productions in the [[Drawing Room Theatre]], which he had had constructed for his use, even though some acrimony apparently existed between Parry and the club members at various times. ('''See also [[Sefton Parry]]''') | Several professional performers, besides Parry and his wife, worked with and/or appeared for the club on occasion; among them [[J.E.H. English]], [[Charles Fraser]] and [[Clara Tellett]]. After his return to Cape Town in 1857, [[Sefton Parry]] also utilized the club members (as well as those from other local companies) to produce his own pantomime and other productions in the [[Drawing Room Theatre]], which he had had constructed for his use, even though some acrimony apparently existed between Parry and the club members at various times. ('''See also [[Sefton Parry]]''') | ||
| − | The first performance of the Club itself was | + | The first performance of the Club itself was on 11 May, 1858, and the full programme of their first period (May 1858 to April 1860) was: |
===The Harrington Theatre seasons=== | ===The Harrington Theatre seasons=== | ||
| − | + | '''In 1858''': | |
| − | ''' | + | 11 May: ''[[Still Waters Run Deep]]'' , accompanied by a "highland Fling" by an amateur and the one-act burlesque ''[[Medea, or The Best of Mothers, with a Brute of a Husband]]'' (Brough). |
| + | |||
| + | 19 May: Repeat if the programme of 11 May. | ||
2 July: ''[[Plot and Passion, or The Female Gambler]]'' (Taylor and Lang) and ''[[Urgent Private Affairs, or The Loyal Volunteers]]'' (Coyne) | 2 July: ''[[Plot and Passion, or The Female Gambler]]'' (Taylor and Lang) and ''[[Urgent Private Affairs, or The Loyal Volunteers]]'' (Coyne) | ||
| Line 55: | Line 57: | ||
From 5 November 1859 onwards, members of the club worked with [[Sefton Parry]], so the only further performance by the "old" Club as such listed by Bosman (1980) is one on 29 March, 1860, when they did ''[[Helping Hands]]'' (Taylor) and ''[[Shylock, or The Merchant of Venice Preserved]]'' (a travesty by Talfourd). | From 5 November 1859 onwards, members of the club worked with [[Sefton Parry]], so the only further performance by the "old" Club as such listed by Bosman (1980) is one on 29 March, 1860, when they did ''[[Helping Hands]]'' (Taylor) and ''[[Shylock, or The Merchant of Venice Preserved]]'' (a travesty by Talfourd). | ||
| − | ===The Cabinet Theatre season=== | + | ===The [[Cabinet Theatre]] season=== |
| − | The opposition to Parry came to a head in 1860,and Parry and a number of the members broke away to form an own company, the [[Alfred Dramatic Club]], while the original club was reorganized by the remaining members, who continued as the [[Cape Town Dramatic Club]] for another season, starting in August, offering a series of performances in the [[Cabinet Theatre]]. | + | The opposition to Parry came to a head in 1860,and Parry and a number of the members broke away to form an own company, the [[Alfred Dramatic Club]], while the original club was reorganized by the remaining members, who continued as the [[Cape Town Dramatic Club]] for another season, starting in August, offering a series of performances in the old [[Cabinet Theatre]], which they now renamed the '''[[C.T. Dramatic Club Theatre]]'''. |
| − | The season | + | The season consisted of: |
'''In 1860''' | '''In 1860''' | ||
| Line 77: | Line 79: | ||
5 November: repeat of ''[[The Rivals]]'' (Sheridan) and ''[[Guilty of Not-Guilty]]'' (Dibdin), with a performance of the brass band of the [[Cape Royal Rifles]]. | 5 November: repeat of ''[[The Rivals]]'' (Sheridan) and ''[[Guilty of Not-Guilty]]'' (Dibdin), with a performance of the brass band of the [[Cape Royal Rifles]]. | ||
| − | 12 November: A benefit for [[Miss Rowlands]], presented under the patronage and co-operation of the [[C.T.D.C.]]. | + | 12 November: A benefit for [[Miss Rowlands]], who had at this point had announced her retirement from the stage, presented under the patronage and co-operation of the [[C.T.D.C.]]. Performed was ''[[Charles II, or The Wags of Wapping]]'' (Duval) and ''[[Betsy Baker]]'' (Morton). The cast of ''Charles II'' also included the professionals [[Sefton Parry]] and [[Charles Fraser]] and [[Mr Raymond]] in the accompanying piece. |
| Line 86: | Line 88: | ||
18 February: Their farewell performance. ''[[Duchess or Nothing]]'' (Gordon), ''[[The Plagued Professor]]'' ("An Original Interlude expressly written for this occasion" by [[Cresswell]], "characters by members of the [[Royal Alfred Club]]) and ''[[The Unfinished Gentleman]]'' (Selby) | 18 February: Their farewell performance. ''[[Duchess or Nothing]]'' (Gordon), ''[[The Plagued Professor]]'' ("An Original Interlude expressly written for this occasion" by [[Cresswell]], "characters by members of the [[Royal Alfred Club]]) and ''[[The Unfinished Gentleman]]'' (Selby) | ||
| − | == The [[ | + | ===The [[Theatre Royal]] season=== |
| + | |||
| + | The Club had a final, brief, revival as an independent company with the help of [[Sefton Parry]] and in association with [[Mrs Tellett]] in 1862. | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''In 1862''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | 28 July: ''[[Still Waters Run Deep]]'' () and ''[[Monsieur Tonson]]'' (). | ||
| + | |||
| + | 4 August: ''[[Still Waters Run Deep]]'' () and ''[[Monsieur Tonson]]'' (), along with ''[[A Perfect Cure]]'' (), performed by [[Mrs Tellett]]. | ||
| + | After this they joined forces with the [[Royal Alfred Dramatic Club]] | ||
| + | == The [[Alfred Dramatic Club]] (later the [[Royal Alfred Dramatic Club]] or [[R.A.C.]])== | ||
The newly formed [[Alfred Dramatic Club]] soon had almost 40 members and worked largely as a semi-professional company, with [[Sefton Parry]] as manager and [[G.H. Galt]] as secretary. The new Club limited itself to popular programmes and performed in the new [[Theatre Royal]] which Parry had had built in Harrington Street, more or less alternately with Parry's more serious fare with his professional company. | The newly formed [[Alfred Dramatic Club]] soon had almost 40 members and worked largely as a semi-professional company, with [[Sefton Parry]] as manager and [[G.H. Galt]] as secretary. The new Club limited itself to popular programmes and performed in the new [[Theatre Royal]] which Parry had had built in Harrington Street, more or less alternately with Parry's more serious fare with his professional company. | ||
| Line 94: | Line 106: | ||
Having attended the Club's first production (''[[The Irish Tutor]]'') on 15 September of 1860, the visiting Prince Alfred bestowed his name upon them, so henceforth the company was known as the [[Royal Alfred Dramatic Club]] (or at times the [[Royal Alfred Club]] ([[R.A.C.]]). | Having attended the Club's first production (''[[The Irish Tutor]]'') on 15 September of 1860, the visiting Prince Alfred bestowed his name upon them, so henceforth the company was known as the [[Royal Alfred Dramatic Club]] (or at times the [[Royal Alfred Club]] ([[R.A.C.]]). | ||
| − | Among their more prominent members and performers, besides [[Sefton Parry]] and his professionals, were | + | Among their more prominent members and performers, besides [[Sefton Parry]] and his professionals, were [[Mr St George]], [[Mr Milton]], [[Mr St Clair]], [[Mr Kingston]], [[Mr Murphy]], [[Mr Cresswell]], Mr [[H. Seymour]] and possibly [[Mr Chester]]. Women who appeared in the plays included [[Mrs Delmaine]] and [[Miss Delmaine]]. |
Another important member appears to have been the celebrated traveler and painter [[Thomas Baines]], who undertook much of the scene painting and was responsible for the amazing mechanical marvels introduced in performances. | Another important member appears to have been the celebrated traveler and painter [[Thomas Baines]], who undertook much of the scene painting and was responsible for the amazing mechanical marvels introduced in performances. | ||
| Line 102: | Line 114: | ||
'''In 1860:''' | '''In 1860:''' | ||
| − | 22 August and 15 September: ''[[The Irish Tutor]]'' (Butler), songs and dances by Miss [[Lizzie Powell]] and ''[[The Maid and The Magpie, or The Fatal Spoon]]'' (Byron). Led by [[Sefton Parry]], the performers in this case included the professionals [[Mrs Parry]], [[Mrs Delmaine]] and [[Miss Powell]] and the amateur comedian [[Murphy]]. | + | 22 August and 15 September: ''[[The Irish Tutor]]'' (Butler), songs and dances by Miss [[Lizzie Powell]] and ''[[The Maid and The Magpie, or The Fatal Spoon]]'' (Byron). Led by [[Sefton Parry]], the performers in this case included the professionals [[Mrs Parry]], [[Mrs Delmaine]] and [[Miss Powell]] and the amateur comedian [[Mr Murphy|Murphy]]. |
25 November: ''[[Dido, The Queen of Carthage]]'' (Durnand) and ''[[The Irish Tutor]]'' (Butler), with the brass orchestra of the [[59th Regiment]]. | 25 November: ''[[Dido, The Queen of Carthage]]'' (Durnand) and ''[[The Irish Tutor]]'' (Butler), with the brass orchestra of the [[59th Regiment]]. | ||
| Line 124: | Line 136: | ||
In 1861: | In 1861: | ||
| − | On 11 February: ''[[The Lonely Man of the Ocean]]'' with new scenery and mechanical arrangements by Mr [[Thomas Baines|T. Baines]]. | + | On 11 February: ''[[The Lonely Man of the Ocean]]'' (Blake) with new scenery and mechanical arrangements by Mr [[Thomas Baines|T. Baines]]. |
On 7 March: ''[[My Friend in the Straps]]'' (Selby) and ''[[Othello]]'' a "musical extravaganza" by an anonymous author. | On 7 March: ''[[My Friend in the Straps]]'' (Selby) and ''[[Othello]]'' a "musical extravaganza" by an anonymous author. | ||
Latest revision as of 05:24, 19 September 2021
The Cape Town Dramatic Club was an amateur society active in Cape Town in the 1850s.
Also found as the the C.T. Dramatic Club, the Cape Town Theatrical Club, or simply referred to as the C.T.D.C.
The club was the source of the spin-off society, the Alfred Dramatic Club (later Royal Alfred Dramatic Club), founded by dissident members in 1860. The remaining members continued as the Cape Town Dramatic Club for another season, after which they performed with the new company under a joint name as the Cape Town and Royal Alfred Dramatic Club.
Contents
The Cape Town Dramatic Club
The Cape Town Dramatic Club (originally founded as the Cape Town Theatrical Club) was a male-only amateur dramatic society founded at Mr Welch's residence in Buitekant Street, in the Cape Town in 1857 or 1858 by or under the auspices of Senator R.W. Murray, who was the first President of the club. The club had rooms in Darling Street and, by arrangement with Sefton Parry, made use of the Harrington Street Theatre for their theatrical activities, which included melodrama, comedy, burlesque and farce, as well as well as ballet (performed by Mr Aldridge and Mr Westropp).
According to separate lists provided by Murray and Groom (see Bosman, 1980: pp. 142-3), members over time included William Groom (director, stage manager, designer, etc for the club) William Sherman, John Ross Jnr, Mr Aldridge, Mr Westropp (secretary), G. Galt, George Prince, E. Christian, Mrs Hutchinson, Miss Hutchinson (later Mrs. Wood), Mrs Maston, Mrs Forrester, Miss Wilters, James Ansdell, J. Rowe, Mr Hawthorne, Dr Pitt, Dr Palgrave, I.R. Taylor, Mr Benjamin, Mr Billiston and Mrs Sefton Parry.
Several professional performers, besides Parry and his wife, worked with and/or appeared for the club on occasion; among them J.E.H. English, Charles Fraser and Clara Tellett. After his return to Cape Town in 1857, Sefton Parry also utilized the club members (as well as those from other local companies) to produce his own pantomime and other productions in the Drawing Room Theatre, which he had had constructed for his use, even though some acrimony apparently existed between Parry and the club members at various times. (See also Sefton Parry)
The first performance of the Club itself was on 11 May, 1858, and the full programme of their first period (May 1858 to April 1860) was:
The Harrington Theatre seasons
In 1858:
11 May: Still Waters Run Deep , accompanied by a "highland Fling" by an amateur and the one-act burlesque Medea, or The Best of Mothers, with a Brute of a Husband (Brough).
19 May: Repeat if the programme of 11 May.
2 July: Plot and Passion, or The Female Gambler (Taylor and Lang) and Urgent Private Affairs, or The Loyal Volunteers (Coyne)
9 July: Plot and Passion, or The Female Gambler (Taylor and Lang) and The Secret of the Hole in the Wall (Anon.)
29 July: They participate in a benefit performance for Sefton Parry and his wife.
7 October: With the help of several other amateurs, they do a benefit performance for HMS Eastern City , consisting of Nothing Venture, Nothing Win (Coyne) and Bombastes Furioso! (Rhodes).
21 October: Annie Rowlands performs in the Harrington Street Theatre, under the patronage of the club.
In 1859:
22 March: The Evil Genius (Bernard) and The Lady of Lyons, or Two-penny Pride and Penny-Tence (Byron), with a performance of the brass band of the 59th Regiment.
26 April: A Cure for the Heartache and Sarah's Young Man (Suter)
27 May: Retribution (Taylor) and Masaniello (Brough?), with a performance of the brass band of the 59th Regiment.
6 June: Heads or Tails? (Simpson) and Masaniello (Brough?), with a performance of the brass band of the 59th Regiment.
30 June: The Little Treasure (Harris) and The Lady of Lyons (Byron), with a performance of the brass band of the Cape Royal Rifles. The evening a benefit for Miss Delmaine.
28 July: To Oblige Benson (Taylor), An Unwarrantable Intrusion (Morton) and My First Fit of the Gout (Morton)
31 August: Victims (Taylor) and Electra, or A New Electrical Light (Talfourd), with a performance of the brass band of the 59th Regiment.
7 September: Nothing Venture, Nothing Win (Coyne) and Electra, or A New Electrical Light (Talfourd), with a performance of the brass band of the 59th Regiment.
6 October: As part of the Great Volunteers' Parade in Durbanville, the club, in association with other amateurs, presented the burlesque Frederick of Prussia, or The Monarch and the Mimic (Selby) and Whitebait at Greenwich (Morton).
In 1860
From 5 November 1859 onwards, members of the club worked with Sefton Parry, so the only further performance by the "old" Club as such listed by Bosman (1980) is one on 29 March, 1860, when they did Helping Hands (Taylor) and Shylock, or The Merchant of Venice Preserved (a travesty by Talfourd).
The Cabinet Theatre season
The opposition to Parry came to a head in 1860,and Parry and a number of the members broke away to form an own company, the Alfred Dramatic Club, while the original club was reorganized by the remaining members, who continued as the Cape Town Dramatic Club for another season, starting in August, offering a series of performances in the old Cabinet Theatre, which they now renamed the C.T. Dramatic Club Theatre.
The season consisted of:
In 1860
15 June: Payable on Demand (Taylor), Shocking Events (Buckstone), with a performance of the brass band of the 59th Regiment.
29 June: Payable on Demand (Taylor), Those Plagues of Children (Morton).
17 July: Power and Principle (Schiller/Barnett) and Two Heads are Better than One (Horne), with songs sung by Mr Durban.
1 October: The Man of Many Friends (Coyne) and Two Heads are Better than One (Horne), with Railway Overture by the Corps of S.A. Minstrels.
9 October: The Man of Many Friends (Coyne) and Two Heads are Better than One (Horne), with Railway Overture by the Corps of S.A. Minstrels and interlude of songs such as Lord Lovell etc. by a "lady from London". This performance took place in the Theatre Royal under the patronage of the Governor of the Cape.
29 October: The Rivals (Sheridan) and The Spectre Bridegroom (Moncrieff).
5 November: repeat of The Rivals (Sheridan) and Guilty of Not-Guilty (Dibdin), with a performance of the brass band of the Cape Royal Rifles.
12 November: A benefit for Miss Rowlands, who had at this point had announced her retirement from the stage, presented under the patronage and co-operation of the C.T.D.C.. Performed was Charles II, or The Wags of Wapping (Duval) and Betsy Baker (Morton). The cast of Charles II also included the professionals Sefton Parry and Charles Fraser and Mr Raymond in the accompanying piece.
In 1861
12 January: A joint benefit for Mrs C. Fraser and Mr H. Seymour, presented under the patronage and co-operation of the C.T.D.C..
18 February: Their farewell performance. Duchess or Nothing (Gordon), The Plagued Professor ("An Original Interlude expressly written for this occasion" by Cresswell, "characters by members of the Royal Alfred Club) and The Unfinished Gentleman (Selby)
The Theatre Royal season
The Club had a final, brief, revival as an independent company with the help of Sefton Parry and in association with Mrs Tellett in 1862.
In 1862
28 July: Still Waters Run Deep () and Monsieur Tonson ().
4 August: Still Waters Run Deep () and Monsieur Tonson (), along with A Perfect Cure (), performed by Mrs Tellett.
After this they joined forces with the Royal Alfred Dramatic Club
The Alfred Dramatic Club (later the Royal Alfred Dramatic Club or R.A.C.)
The newly formed Alfred Dramatic Club soon had almost 40 members and worked largely as a semi-professional company, with Sefton Parry as manager and G.H. Galt as secretary. The new Club limited itself to popular programmes and performed in the new Theatre Royal which Parry had had built in Harrington Street, more or less alternately with Parry's more serious fare with his professional company.
Having attended the Club's first production (The Irish Tutor) on 15 September of 1860, the visiting Prince Alfred bestowed his name upon them, so henceforth the company was known as the Royal Alfred Dramatic Club (or at times the Royal Alfred Club (R.A.C.).
Among their more prominent members and performers, besides Sefton Parry and his professionals, were Mr St George, Mr Milton, Mr St Clair, Mr Kingston, Mr Murphy, Mr Cresswell, Mr H. Seymour and possibly Mr Chester. Women who appeared in the plays included Mrs Delmaine and Miss Delmaine.
Another important member appears to have been the celebrated traveler and painter Thomas Baines, who undertook much of the scene painting and was responsible for the amazing mechanical marvels introduced in performances.
Their performances under both names include:
In 1860:
22 August and 15 September: The Irish Tutor (Butler), songs and dances by Miss Lizzie Powell and The Maid and The Magpie, or The Fatal Spoon (Byron). Led by Sefton Parry, the performers in this case included the professionals Mrs Parry, Mrs Delmaine and Miss Powell and the amateur comedian Murphy.
25 November: Dido, The Queen of Carthage (Durnand) and The Irish Tutor (Butler), with the brass orchestra of the 59th Regiment.
3 December: Dido, The Queen of Carthage (Durnand) and Who Do You Take Me For? (Morton?), with the brass orchestra of the 59th Regiment.
17 and 20 December: The Little Treasure and The Hundred Pound Note (Peake). The first performance was done as a benefit for Mrs Delmaine.
27 December: The Happy Man (Lover) and, by special request, Dido, The Queen of Carthage (Durnand).
In 1861:
10 January: Fra Diavolo, or The Beauty and the Brigands and A Night at Notting Hill (Yates and Harrington).
23 February: A "grand gala night" with a repeat of Dido, The Queen of Carthage (Durnand) and The Irish Tutor (Butler).
The Cape Town and Royal Alfred Dramatic Club
In 1861 the amateur members of the Royal Alfred Dramatic Club rejoined forces with the Cape Town Dramatic Club on occasion - in such cases referred to as the Cape Town and Royal Alfred Dramatic Club - and undertook a few co-presentations in the Theatre Royal during the 1861-1862 season.
In 1861:
On 11 February: The Lonely Man of the Ocean (Blake) with new scenery and mechanical arrangements by Mr T. Baines.
On 7 March: My Friend in the Straps (Selby) and Othello a "musical extravaganza" by an anonymous author.
On 11 and 14 March: "Entertainment St George"
On 1 August: The Rivals (Sheridan), a dance by Lizzie Powell and The Bonnie Fishwife (Selby)
In 1862:
On 2 and 9 September: Helping Hands (Taylor), an operetta called No!!! (Clarence), and a song by Mr Beverley.
On 23 September: The Cure, with Still Waters Run Deep (Taylor), the latter performed by the Cape Town Dramatic Club alone.
On 30 September, 2, 6 and 14 October: a "musical burlesque" billed as The Colleen Bawn (actually Miss Eily O'Connor by Byron).
Sources
F.C.L. Bosman, 1928. Drama en Toneel in Suid-Afrika, Deel I: 1652-1855. Pretoria: J.H. de Bussy. [1].
F.C.L. Bosman, 1980. Drama en Toneel in Suid-Afrika, Deel II: 1856-1912. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik.
P.J. du Toit. 1988. Amateurtoneel in Suid-Afrika. Pretoria: Academica.
Jill Fletcher. 1994. The Story of Theatre in South Africa: A Guide to its History from 1780-1930. Cape Town: Vlaeberg.
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