Die Spanier in Peru oder Rollas Tod

Die Spanier in Peru oder Rollas Tod ("The Spanish in Peru, or The death of Rolla") is a German tragedy in five acts by August von Kotzebue (1761-1819)[1].

The original text

Described as "Ein romantisches Trauerspiel in fünf Aufzügen", the play was first performed in 1795 and published Leipzig, 1796.)

It was a sequel to his earlier five act play Die Sonnenjungfrau ("The Sunmaiden" in English, "De Zonnemaagd" in Dutch), the play which first featured Kotzebue's hero Rolla.

First performed in the Liebhabertheater at Reval on 19 December, 1789 and published in Leipzig in 1791.

Translations and adaptations

It has been translated many times and into many languages.

Into English

There are a number of English translations of the play, two appearing in the 1790s, alongside an adaptation by Sheridan. The titles also vary considerably, according to the translator. E.g. The Spaniards in Peru; or, The death of Rolla (by Anne Plumtre, performed and published 1799?*), Pizarro in Peru, or, The death of Rolla (by William Dunlap, published 1800, , or in later editions as Pizarro, or The Death of Rolla.

The most famous English version of the play though, and a huge commercial success for the adaptor and the Drury Lane Theatre, is Pizarro ("A tragedy in five acts"), a melodramatic adaptation by Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751–1816)[2], performed at the Drury Lane theatre with an all-star cast in 1799, and published under the title in the same year, seeing 15 editions by 1800. Thje second most popular English play of the 18th century, according to Julie A. Carlson, the play is almost forgotten today and the text is seen as an embarrassment for the mature Sheridan.

The title Pizarro, or The Conquest of Mexico is also mentioned by William Groom (1899 - as cited by Bosman, 1928: p. 425; who speculates that this was most probably an alternative title given to Sheridan's version).

Into Dutch

Translated into Dutch as De Spanjaarden in Peru, of De Dood van Rolla by J S van Esveldt Holtrop. Alternately also written De Spanjarden in Peru, of De Dood van Rolla and published in Amsterdam by J. Doll in 1796. Sometimes the play only called De Dood van Rolla,

F.C.L. Bosman (1928: p. 276) cites a newspaper article in which the Cape Town producer C.E. Boniface seeks to buy play texts for production, including one he lists as Ubaldo, of De Dood van Rolla by August von Kotzbue and translated by J S van Esveldt Holtrop. However this is surely a misreading, and what is clearly meant is that Boniface was seeking a text for either Ubaldo (1808) or for De Dood van Rolla (1796) - two totally unrelated plays by Von Kotzebue, both translated into Dutch by J S van Esveldt Holtrop (1809).

A Dutch translation, said to be from the Sheridan version of Von Kotzebue's text, named Pizarro, of De Dood van Rolla (given in the index as "Pizarro", of De Dood van Rolla), is recorded by Bosman in his second volume (1980, p.448-449). It is probably simply an alternative title for the Holtrop version of Sheridan's play.

Performance history in South Africa

1829: Performed in Cape Town in English as Pizarro, or The Death of Rolla (though credited to Sheridan) by H. Booth (who played "Rolla") and local amateurs on 10 November, with as an afterpiece Black-Eyed Susan (Jerrold).

1830: Performed in Cape Town in English as Pizarro, or The Death of Rolla (though credited to Sheridan) by H. Booth and local amateurs on 24 July, with as an afterpiece The Miller's Maid (Saville).

1835: Performed on 16 May as Pizarro in the Kaapsche Liefhebbery Theater ("The Cape Amateur Theatre") by the Dutch amateur company Vlyt en Kunst, most probably in Dutch, (though Bosman lists only the English title in his Index.) The accompanying piece is Jérome Pointu by Beaunoir - for some reason wrongly attributed to "D'Orvigny" (="Dorvigny") by the company (see Bosman, 1928:p333).

1835: Repeated on 13 June as Pizarro in the Kaapsche Liefhebbery Theater ("The Cape Amateur Theatre") by the Dutch amateur company Vlyt en Kunst, again most probably in Dutch. The accompanying piece is Warren's Blacking, 30 Strand (a Dutch version of The P.L., or, 30 Strand!, translated from the English by "an Amateur")

1850-1855: According to William Groom (1899 - cited in Bosman, 1928: p. 425), a play called Pizarro, or The Conquest of Mexico was performed by James Lycett and his company in the Drury Lane Theatre, Cape Town in this period.

1866: Performed in English as Pizarro by the Le Roy and Duret Company in the Harrington Street Theatre, on 15 October, with Faint Heart which Did Win Fair Lady (Wooler), A Ticket of Leave (Phillips) and a dance called "La Cachuca" by Mrs Brazier and Mrs Luin. The evening was a "Farewell Complimentary Testimonial" for Madame Duret

1866: Performed as Pizarro by the Le Roy and Duret theatre company in the Theatre Royal in Harrington Street, Cape Town, on 19 July, with 'Tis She, or Maid, Wife and Widow (Wilks)

1868: Performed in Dutch as Pizarro, of De Dood van Rolla (Von Kotzebue) by Door Yver Bloeit de Kunst in the Oddfellows Hall, Cape Town on 13 August, with Het Zal Laat Worden (Meyer) as afterpiece.

1868: Performed in Dutch as Pizarro, of De Dood van Rolla (Von Kotzebue) by Door Yver Bloeit de Kunst in the Oddfellows Hall, Cape Town on 19 August, with Het Zal Laat Worden (Meyer), a ballet performance, a May Pole Dance" set up by J. Combrink and The Chamois Hunter sung by a lady.

1868: Performed in Dutch as Pizarro, of De Dood van Rolla (Von Kotzebue) by Door Yver Bloeit de Kunst in the Oddfellows Hall, Cape Town on 24 August, with a ballet performance as afterpiece.

1872: Performed in Dutch as Pizarro, of De Dood van Rolla (Von Kotzebue) by Door Yver Bloeit de Kunst in the Oddfellows Hall, Cape Town on 10 December, with Geveinsde Sotheid door Liefde (Regnard/Grevelink-Hilverdink) and a "grand ballet" as interlude.

1876: Performed in Dutch as Pizarro, of De Dood van Rolla (Von Kotzebue) by De Eendracht in the Athenaeum Hall, Cape Town on 28 December, "opgeluister" (i.e. "enhanced") by the music of the "Alfred Quadrille orchestra".

Sources

https://archive.org/details/pizarrospaniards00kotziala

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_von_Kotzebue

Facsimile version of the text of Die Sonnenjungfrau[3]

Facsimile version of the text of De Spanjaarden in Peru [4]

John Philip Kemble promptbooks, Volume 1, The Folger facsimiles[5]

Facsimile version of the text of Pizarro by Sheridan (9th edition), Google Books[6]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan

F.C.L. Bosman. 1928. Drama en Toneel in Suid-Afrika, Deel I: 1652-1855. Pretoria: J.H. de Bussy. [7]: pp. 209, 210, 214, 333-4, 374, 425

F.C.L. Bosman. 1980. Drama en Toneel in Suid-Afrika, Deel II, 1856-1912. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik: pp.213, 214, 444, 448-9.

Julie A. Carlson. 1996. "Trying Sheridan's Pizarro" in Texas Studies in Literature and Language (Vol. 38, No. 3/4: Romantic Performances): pp. 359-378.[8]

Go to ESAT Bibliography