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| − | In Greek mythology, '''Antigone''' is the daughter of Oedipus and his mother, Jocasta. Over the years she has been the subject of many books, plays, operas and other works. | + | In Greek mythology, ''[[Antigone]]'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigone] is the daughter of Oedipus and his mother, Jocasta. The myth tells of a strong-willed and determined young woman who defies the edict of her king and buries her brother, Polyneices, who had died on the battlefield. |
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| − | == The original text ==
| + | Over the years the myth of Antigone has been the subject of many books, plays, operas and other works, with the most famous play text possibly being the Greek version by Sophocles, though there have been many others. |
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| − | ==Translations and adaptations== | + | == International versions: Texts, translations and adaptations== |
| − | Stage plays based on the '''Antigone''' myth include:
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| − | [[''Antigone'' (by Sophocles)]] | + | Among the many stage plays based on the '''[[Antigone]]''' myth are the following. |
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| − | ''Antigone'' (by Euripides) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigone_%28Euripides%29] - only fragments remaining | + | Plays for which there are entries in [[ESAT]] appear in blue as they serve as a link to the entry about the work. '''So, to see details of [[South African]] productions of the various versions, click on the the relevant name to go to the entry.'''): |
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| − | [[''Antigone'' (by Jean Cocteau)]] | + | ''[[Antigone (by Sophocles)]]'' |
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| − | [[''Antigone'' (by Jean Anouilh)]] | + | ''[[Antigone (by Euripides)]]''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigone_%28Euripides%29] |
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| − | [[''Antigona Furiosa'' (by Griselda Gambaro)]] | + | ''[[Antigone (by Jean Cocteau)]]'' |
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| − | [[''Antigona'' (by Salvador Espriu)]] | + | ''[[Antigone (by Jean Anouilh)]]'' |
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| − | [[''Tegonni''(by Femi Osofisan)]] | + | ''[[Antigona Furiosa (by Griselda Gambaro)]]'' |
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| − | [[''Antigone'' (by José Watanabe)]] | + | ''[[Antigona (by Salvador Espriu)]]'' |
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| − | [[''Antigone'' (by Mac Wellman)]] | + | ''[[Antigone (by José Watanabe)]]'' |
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| − | [[''Antígona Vélez'' (by Leopoldo Marechal)]] | + | ''[[Antigone (by Mac Wellman)]]'' |
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| | + | ''[[Antígona Vélez (by Leopoldo Marechal)]]'' |
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| − | [[''Antigone'' (by Bertolt Brecht)]] | + | ''[[Antigone (by Bertolt Brecht)]]'' |
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| | + | ''[[Antigone (by Antonio D'Alfonso)]]'' |
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| | + | ''[[Antigone (by Don Taylor)]]'' |
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| | + | ''[[Antigone (by Eamon Flack)]]'' |
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| − | [[''Antigone'' (by Antonio D'Alfonso)]] | + | ''[[Tegonni, an African Antigone]]'' (by Femi Osofisan) |
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| − | [[''Antigone'' (by Don Taylor)]]
| + | == South African versions of the tale== |
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| − | [[''Antigone'' (by Eamon Flack)]] | + | Besides simple direct translations of the various texts into South African languages (see the entries under the various texts), there are also a few '''original''' plays (or significant adaptations) created and/or written by a South African playwright and/or director. Unless they are totally original texts, they are usually discussed under the title of the '''original''' text that had been adapted (e.g. ''[[Antigone (by Sophocles)]]'' or ''[[Antigone (by Jean Anouilh)]]'': |
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| − | == Performance history in South Africa ==
| + | ''[[Antigone]]'', a politicised South African version (possibly based on the Anouilh version) was produced by the [[Durban Theatre Association]] in the 1950s. (See the entry on the '''[[Durban Theatre Association]]''') |
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| | + | ''[[Antigonesiklus]]'' (or ''[[Die Antigone Siklus]]'' in some sources, i.e. "(the) Antigone cycle") - a compilation of the versions of the myth by Sophocles, Anouilh and Brecht, created and performed for production by the [[Universiteitsteater Stellenbosch]]. |
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| | + | ''[[The Island]]'', a workshopped play by [[Athol Fugard]], [[John Kani]] and [[Winston Ntshona]] contains at its core a dramatised "performance" of excerpts from the [[Sophocles]]'s play. |
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| | + | ''[[Antigone (by Watson and Sutherland)|#Antigone (by Watson and Sutherland)]]'' is a 21st-century adaptation of Sophocles's play. |
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| | + | ''[[Igazi Lam]]'' ("My Blood") by [[Peter Se-Puma]] is a [[Zulu]] adaptation of Sophocles's play. |
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| | + | ''[[Antigone (not quite/quiet)]]'', subtitled ''[[Ninganiki Okungcwele Ezinjeni]]'' ("Give not unto dogs sacred things" in [[isiXhosa]]), a workshopped adaptation by [[Mark Fleishman]] and cast. |
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| | == Sources == | | == Sources == |
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| | + | "Antigone" theatre programme, 1952. |
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| | + | "Antigone" in ''[[Wikipedia]]''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigone] |
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| | + | E. F. Taiwo. 2014. "Deconstructing the 'Fourth Wall': Metatheatricality in Plautus' ''Miles Gloriosus'' and ''Osofisan's Tegonni''" in ''Canadian Social Science'', 10(5), 146-152.[https://www.academia.edu/14568046/Deconstructing_the_Fourth_Wall_Metatheatricality_in_Plautus_Miles_Gloriosus_and_Osofisans_Tegonni] |
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| | Go to [[ESAT Bibliography]] | | Go to [[ESAT Bibliography]] |
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| | Return to [[Main Page]] | | Return to [[Main Page]] |
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| − | ''Antigone'', by [[Jean Anouilh]]. (Written 1944) Based on [[Sophocles]]’s play, it was first performed in occupied France in 1944. First done in South Africa by [[NTO]] in 1953??**. The [[Arena Theatre Company]] staged this play at the [[YMCA Hall]] in 1956, with [[Beryl Gordon]] and [[Arthur Hall]], as part of the [[Johannesburg Festival]]. Other productions by the [[Soweto Ensemble]] in 197*. An influential South African adaptation of the play was done by [[TECON]] in 1971 under the title ''[[Antigone ’71]]'', while a version featuring a female Creon, was done by the the University of Stellenbosch Drama Department in 2003 (directed by [[Ranza Skordis]]). (See also Antigone by Sophocles below. It is often not clear from the available documents which version was used, particularly in the adaptations. If there is any uncertainty, they are listed under the Sophocles version.) Antigone by Sophokles. Adaptation by Jean Anouilh and translated into Afrikaans (?***) by Jocelyn de Bruyn and Fred Engelen. Another translation by Theo Wassenaar.
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| − | ''Antigone'', by Jean Anouilh. (Written 1944) Based on Sophocles’s play, it was first performed in occupied France in 1944. First done in South Africa by NTO during the Johannesburg Arts Festival in the University Theatre, 11-30 August 1952 (''Helikon'', 1(6):29). The Arena Theatre Company staged this play at the YMCA Hall in 1956, with Beryl Gordon and Arthur Hall, as part of the Johannesburg Festival. Presented by [[Universiteitsteater Stellenbosch|University Theatre Stellenbosch]] in 1965. Other productions by the Soweto Ensemble in 197*. An influential South African adaptation of the play was done by TECON in 1971 under the title Antigone ’71, while a version featuring a female Creon, was done by the the University of Stellenbosch Drama Department in 2003 (directed by Ranza Skordis). (See also Antigone by Sophocles below. It is often not clear from the available documents which version was used, particularly in the adaptations. If there is any uncertainty, they are listed under the Sophocles version.)
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| − | ''Antigone'', by Jean Anouilh, translated by Lewis Galantiere. Directed by [[John Ramsbottom]] and [[Peter Curtis]] for [[CAPAB]], opening on 17 March 1969. The cast included [[Lyn Hooker]], [[Pietro Nolte]], [[John Ramsbottom]], [[Brigid Reynolds]], [[David Sharp]], [[Joyce Bradley]], [[Alan Prior]], [[David Salton]], [[Roy Nieman]], [[Gordon Sara]]. (Source: ''[[Teater SA]]'', 1(4), 1969).
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| − | ''Antigone'', by [[Sophocles]]. (Written c. 442 BC) One of the most celebrated and utilized political protest plays in the world canon, with its theme of resistance to oppression and unjust laws in the face of conflicting social and familial values.
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| − | First produced in South Africa by ** in 18*?. Also done by the students of the [[Hugenote Gedenkschool]] in Wellington, directed by [[I.M.E. Fremantle]], *, * . Other productions include **, **, [[Baxter Theatre]] (adapted by [[Sean Mathias]] and [[Myer Taub]], dir [[Sean Mathias]], with [[John Kani]] and [[Hanlé Barnard]], 2004). Utilized as a vehicle for political commentry by the [[Serpent Players]] (1965, directed by *?* i.a. with [[John Kani]] and [[Winston Ntshona]]) and by [[The Company]] (dir [[Barney Simon]] at the [[Blue Fox]]) in 1974.
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| − | Translated into Afrikaans by [[T.J. Haarhoff]] (published in ''Die Antieke Drama. 1. Tragedie'' by Afrikaanse Pers, 1946) and first performed in the 1950s, directed by [[J. Nel van der Merwe]], with [[Anna Neethling-Pohl]]. Another translation into Afrikaans was done by [[J.P.J. van Rensburg]], published by Human & Rousseau in 1961. This version was presented by [[Universiteitsteater Stellenbosch]] in 1961.
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| − | Antigone by Sophocles, Afrikaans text by [[Jannie Gildenhuys]], directed by him for [[CAPAB]] at the Nico Arena, opening 12 October 1985. Design by [[Jenny de Swardt]], lighting by [[Malcolm Hurrell]]. The cast: [[Marthinus Basson]], [[Gary Carter]], [[Neels Coetzee]], [[Libby Daniels]], [[Mary Dreyer]], [[Margaretha Fischer]], [[Mark Graham]], [[Antoinette Kellermann]], [[Belinda Koning]], [[André Roothman]], [[Francois Viljoen]].
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| − | An adapted (Zulu?**) version was done by [[Peter sePuma]] in 1988 (entitled Igazi Lam = “My blood”). A dramatised “performance” of the play was to form the core [[Athol Fugard]], [[John Kani]] and [[Winston Ntshona]]'s collaborative work ''[[The Island]]''. (See Antigone by Jean Anouilh above and ''[[Antigone ’71]]'' below– for often it is not clear from the available documents which version was used, particularly in the adaptations.). [[Typro]], an amateur group from [[Tygerberg]], did a Cape version of it at the [[Joseph Stone Auditorium]] in 1981.
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| − | [[Antigone]] was the last production the [[Universiteitsteater Stellenbosch]] staged in the old [[Proefteater]] in Andringa Street, before the building was demolished to make space for the new Drama Department building and the [[H.B. Thom Theatre]] built in 1966. [[Antigone]], as adapted in 1942 by [[Jean Anouilh]] from the play by [[Sophocles]], was translated into Afrikaans by [[Jocelyn de Bruyn]] and [[Fred Engelen]] and directed by [[Fred Engelen]] for a [[Universiteitsteater Stellenbosch]] production that opened in the [[Proefteater]] on 1 May 1965. The cast were: [[Isabel Combrink]] (Antigone), [[Fred Engelen]] (Kreon), [[Henk Hugo]] (Haimon), [[Thea Kirstein]] (Ismene), [[Annette Faure]] (Eurydike), [[Marie van Heerden]] (Noenoe), [[Deon Joubert]] (Wag 1), [[Pieter de Swardt]] (Wag 2), [[Etienne Pienaar]] (Wag 3), [[Mees Xteen]] (Boodskapper), [[Willem de la Guerre]] (Hofknaap) and [[Joan Greyvenstein]] (die Koor). The décor was designed by [[Deon Joubert]] and executed by [[Willem de la Guerre]], costumes by [[Elise Ziervogel]], make-up designed by [[Tine Balder]], music by [[Bie Engelen]], sound controlled by [[Mees Xteen]], lighting designed by [[Fred Engelen]] and executed by [[Val Julius]] and the stage manager was [[Bettina Camerer]]. (''UTS Programme'', May 1965). The production was staged for one night, on 15 May, in the [[Nasionale Saal]] in Parow, Cape Town. In September 1965 [[CAPAB]] staged the [[Universiteitsteater Stellenbosch]] production of ''[[Antigone]]'' in the [[Hofmeyr Theatre]] in Cape Town.
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In Greek mythology, Antigone [1] is the daughter of Oedipus and his mother, Jocasta. The myth tells of a strong-willed and determined young woman who defies the edict of her king and buries her brother, Polyneices, who had died on the battlefield.
Over the years the myth of Antigone has been the subject of many books, plays, operas and other works, with the most famous play text possibly being the Greek version by Sophocles, though there have been many others.
International versions: Texts, translations and adaptations
Among the many stage plays based on the Antigone myth are the following.
Plays for which there are entries in ESAT appear in blue as they serve as a link to the entry about the work. So, to see details of South African productions of the various versions, click on the the relevant name to go to the entry.):
Antigone (by Sophocles)
Antigone (by Euripides)[2]
Antigone (by Jean Cocteau)
Antigone (by Jean Anouilh)
Antigona Furiosa (by Griselda Gambaro)
Antigona (by Salvador Espriu)
Antigone (by José Watanabe)
Antigone (by Mac Wellman)
Antígona Vélez (by Leopoldo Marechal)
Antigone (by Bertolt Brecht)
Antigone (by Antonio D'Alfonso)
Antigone (by Don Taylor)
Antigone (by Eamon Flack)
Tegonni, an African Antigone (by Femi Osofisan)
South African versions of the tale
Besides simple direct translations of the various texts into South African languages (see the entries under the various texts), there are also a few original plays (or significant adaptations) created and/or written by a South African playwright and/or director. Unless they are totally original texts, they are usually discussed under the title of the original text that had been adapted (e.g. Antigone (by Sophocles) or Antigone (by Jean Anouilh):
Antigone, a politicised South African version (possibly based on the Anouilh version) was produced by the Durban Theatre Association in the 1950s. (See the entry on the Durban Theatre Association)
Antigonesiklus (or Die Antigone Siklus in some sources, i.e. "(the) Antigone cycle") - a compilation of the versions of the myth by Sophocles, Anouilh and Brecht, created and performed for production by the Universiteitsteater Stellenbosch.
The Island, a workshopped play by Athol Fugard, John Kani and Winston Ntshona contains at its core a dramatised "performance" of excerpts from the Sophocles's play.
#Antigone (by Watson and Sutherland) is a 21st-century adaptation of Sophocles's play.
Igazi Lam ("My Blood") by Peter Se-Puma is a Zulu adaptation of Sophocles's play.
Antigone (not quite/quiet), subtitled Ninganiki Okungcwele Ezinjeni ("Give not unto dogs sacred things" in isiXhosa), a workshopped adaptation by Mark Fleishman and cast.
Sources
"Antigone" theatre programme, 1952.
"Antigone" in Wikipedia[3]
E. F. Taiwo. 2014. "Deconstructing the 'Fourth Wall': Metatheatricality in Plautus' Miles Gloriosus and Osofisan's Tegonni" in Canadian Social Science, 10(5), 146-152.[4]
Go to ESAT Bibliography
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Return to PLAYS I: Original SA plays
Return to PLAYS II: Foreign plays
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