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| − | '''''Ghosts''''' (the original Danish title: ''Gengangere'' literally means "again walkers", or "ones who return,") [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosts_%28play%29] is a 1881 play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen]. It was first staged in 1882 in Chicago, USA in a production by a Danish company on tour and at the time it was very controversial because of its subject matter, which includes religion, venereal disease, incest and euthanasia.
| + | #REDIRECT[[Gengangere]] |
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| − | ==Translations and adaptations==
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| − | Translated into many different languages, in English usually translated as '''''Ghosts'''''. However, Ibsen did not approve of this choice, because the original Danish title ''Gengangere'' would be more accurately translated as "The Revenants", which literally means "The Ones who Return".
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| − | Various [[Afrikaans]] translations under the title '''''Spoke''''' ("Ghosts") have been done, usually from the English: [[M.P.O. Burgers]] did one in the 1940's, [[Louis van Niekerk]] in the 1980's and [[Nerina Ferreira]] also did one.
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| − | == Performance history in South Africa ==
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| − | 1927: A Dutch translation entitled ''[[Spoken]]'' was performed by [[Mignon Sorel]] and [[Louis de Vriendt]], who toured South Africa in 1927.
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| − | 1928: Produced in English by the [[Cape Town Repertory Theatre Society]], starring [[Cecile de Banke]] as Mrs Alving and [[W. Arthur Sewell]] as Oswald Alving.
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| − | 1945: Produced by [[Joyce Burch]] for the [[Friends of Eoan]], [[Little Theatre]], Cape Town, with [[Helen Southern-Holt]], [[Charles Johnman]], [[Walter Patterson]], [[Jacomina de Bruyn]] and [[Bernard Blumenthal]].
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| − | 1947: The [[M.P.O. Burgers|Burgers]] [[Afrikaans]] translation ''Spoke'' was staged in the [[His Majesty's Theatre]], Johannesburg, with [[André Huguenet]] , [[Anna Neethling-Pohl]], [[Hendrik Hanekom]], [[James Norval]] and [[Anna Cloete]]. (Note: Like the 1947 [[Afrikaans]] ''[[Hamlet]]'', this production played a significant role in persuading the government to support a national theatre).
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| − | 1968: An English production, directed by [[Frank Shelley]] for [[NAPAC]], the play opened in [[St John's Theatre]] on 24 October. The role of Mrs Alving was played by [[Valerie Miller]]. Others in the cast were: [[David Horner]], [[Reinet Maasdorp]], [[Reg Richards]]. Set design: [[Bill Smuts]]; costumes: [[Lucille Cross]].
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| − | 1982: ''Spoke'', the [[Louis van Niekerk|van Niekerk]] [[Afrikaans]] translation was staged by [[PACT]], directed by [[Etienne Puren]], with [[Wilna Snyman]] (Helen Alving), [[Johan Engelbrecht]] (Oswald Alving), [[Jan Schutte]] (Pastoor Manders), [[Amor Tredoux]] (Regina Engstrand) and [[Eric Nobbs]] (Jacob Engstrand). Costumes by [[Bronwen Lovegrove]] and lighting by [[Peter Just]].
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| − | 1990: ''Spoke'', the [[Nerina Ferreira|Ferreira]] [[Afrikaans]] translation was staged by [[CAPAB]] in the [[Nico Arena]] in August, directed by [[Marthinus Basson]] and the cast were [[Antoinette Kellermann]], [[Paul Malherbe]], [[Gustav Geldenhuys]], [[Louw Verwey]] and [[Isabelle Mostert]]. Designs by [[Birrie le Roux]], lighting by [[Malcolm Hurrell]], stage manager [[Hannelie de Beer]].
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| − | ==Sources==
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| − | ''Wikipedia'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosts_%28play%29]
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| − | ''[[The Mime]]'', 1(3), 1928.
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| − | ''South African Opinion'', 2(6):18-19; ''Trek'', 10(1):18, 1945.
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| − | ''[[Teater SA]]'', 1(1) and (2), 1968.
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| − | [[PACT]] theatre programme, 1982.
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| − | [[Nico Malan Theatre]] pamphlet June-August 1990.
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| − | Go to [[South African Theatre/Bibliography|ESAT Bibliography]]
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| − | == Return to ==
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS I: Original SA plays]]
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS II: Foreign plays]]
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS III: Collections]]
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS IV: Pageants and public performances]]
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| − | Return to [[South_African_Festivals|South African Festivals and Competitions]]
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| − | Return to [[The ESAT Entries]]
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| − | Return to [[Main Page]]
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