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| − | ''[[Ghosts]]'' (the original Danish title: ''[[Gengangere]]'' literally means "again walkers", or "ones who return,", also referred to as ''[[The Revenants]]'') [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosts_%28play%29] is a play by Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen].
| + | #REDIRECT[[Gengangere]] |
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| − | == The original text ==
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| − | Written in 1881, t was first staged in 1882 in Chicago, USA, in a production by a Danish company on tour and at the time The play was was very controversial because of its subject matter, which includes religion, venereal disease, incest and euthanasia.
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| − | ==Translations and adaptations==
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| − | Translated into many different languages, in English usually entitled ''[[Ghosts]]''. However, Ibsen did not approve of this choice, because the original Danish title ''[[Gengangere]]'' would be more accurately translated as "[[The Revenants]]", which literally means "The Ones who Return".
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| − | Translated into [[Dutch]] as ''[[Spoken]]'' ("Ghosts").
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| − | Various [[Afrikaans]] translations under the title ''[[Spoke]]'' ("Ghosts") have been done, usually from the English: [[M.P.O. Burgers]] did one in the 1940's, [[Louis van Niekerk]] in the 1980's and [[Nerina Ferreira]] also did one.
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| − | == Performance history in South Africa ==
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| − | 1927: A [[Dutch]] translation entitled ''[[Spoken]]'' was performed by [[Mignon Sorel]] and [[Louis de Vriendt]], who toured South Africa in 1927.
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| − | 1928: Produced in English by the [[Cape Town Repertory Theatre Society]], starring [[Cecile de Banke]] as Mrs Alving and [[W. Arthur Sewell]] as Oswald Alving.
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| − | 1945: Produced by [[Joyce Burch]] for the [[Friends of Eoan]], [[Little Theatre]], Cape Town, with [[Helen Southern-Holt]], [[Charles Johnman]], [[Walter Patterson]], [[Jacomina de Bruyn]] and [[Bernard Blumenthal]].
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| − | 1947: The [[M.P.O. Burgers|Burgers]] [[Afrikaans]] translation ''[[Spoke]]'' was staged in the [[His Majesty's Theatre]], Johannesburg, with [[André Huguenet]] , [[Anna Neethling-Pohl]], [[Hendrik Hanekom]], [[James Norval]] and [[Anna Cloete]]. (Note: Like the 1947 [[Afrikaans]] ''[[Hamlet]]'', this production played a significant role in persuading the government to support a national theatre).
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| − | 1968: An English production, directed by [[Frank Shelley]] for [[NAPAC]], the play opened in [[St John's Theatre]] on 24 October. The role of Mrs Alving was played by [[Valerie Miller]]. Others in the cast were: [[David Horner]], [[Reinet Maasdorp]], [[Reg Richards]]. Set design: [[Bill Smuts]]; costumes: [[Lucille Cross]].
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| − | 1982: ''Spoke'', the [[Louis van Niekerk|van Niekerk]] [[Afrikaans]] translation was staged by [[PACT]], directed by [[Etienne Puren]], with [[Wilna Snyman]] (Helen Alving), [[Johan Engelbrecht]] (Oswald Alving), [[Jan Schutte]] (Pastoor Manders), [[Amor Tredoux]] (Regina Engstrand) and [[Eric Nobbs]] (Jacob Engstrand). Costumes by [[Bronwen Lovegrove]] and lighting by [[Peter Just]].
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| − | 1990: ''Spoke'', the [[Nerina Ferreira|Ferreira]] [[Afrikaans]] translation was staged by [[CAPAB]] in the [[Nico Arena]] in August, directed by [[Marthinus Basson]] and the cast were [[Antoinette Kellermann]] (Mev Helene Alving), [[Paul Malherbe]] (Dominee Manders), [[Gustav Geldenhuys]] (Osvald Alving), [[Louw Verwey]] (Engstrand) and [[Isabelle Mostert]] (Regine Engstrand). Designs by [[Birrie le Roux]], lighting by [[Malcolm Hurrell]], stage manager [[Hannelie de Beer]].
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| − | ==Sources==
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| − | ''Wikipedia'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosts_%28play%29]
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| − | ''[[The Mime]]'', 1(3), 1928.
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| − | ''South African Opinion'', 2(6):18-19; ''Trek'', 10(1):18, 1945.
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| − | ''[[Teater SA]]'', 1(1) and (2), 1968.
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| − | [[PACT]] theatre programme, 1982.
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| − | [[Nico Malan Theatre]] pamphlet June-August 1990.
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| − | Go to [[South African Theatre/Bibliography|ESAT Bibliography]]
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| − | == Return to ==
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS I: Original SA plays]]
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS II: Foreign plays]]
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS III: Collections]]
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS IV: Pageants and public performances]]
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| − | Return to [[South_African_Festivals|South African Festivals and Competitions]]
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| − | Return to [[The ESAT Entries]]
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| − | Return to [[Main Page]]
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