Difference between revisions of "Bartho Smit"

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'''Bartholomeus Jacobus "Bartho" Smit''' (1924–1986) was a South African writer, poet, dramatist, director and a founding member of the [[Sestigers]] Movement and the [[Skrywersgilde]] in the 1980s. He was awarded the [[Hertzog Prize]] for [[Afrikaans]] Drama in 1978.
+
[[Bartho Smit]] (1924–1986) was a South African writer, poet, dramatist, director, translator,  editor and publisher.
  
 
== Biography ==
 
== Biography ==
  
−
Born Bartholomeus Jacobus Smit in Klerkskraal on 15 July 1924, he matriculated in Standerton and then completed a bachelor's degree at the University of Pretoria in 1949, followed by  a Master of Arts degree in 1951.  
+
Born [[Bartholomeus Jacobus Smit]] in Klerkskraal on 15 July 1924, he matriculated in Standerton and then completed a bachelor's degree at the [[University of Pretoria]] in 1949, followed by  a Master of Arts degree in 1951.  
  
−
He met the actress [[Kita Redelinghuys]] while a student and they married in 1949and they toured Paris, Munich and London between 1952 and 1957, where  he immersed himself in drama and philosophy. While in Europe they met and became close friends with South African author [[Jan Rabie]] and others.  
+
He met the actress [[Kita Redelinghuys]] while a student and they married in 1949. The two of them to toured Paris, Munich and London between 1952 and 1957, where  he immersed himself in drama and philosophy. While in Europe they also met and became close friends with South African author [[Jan Rabie]] and others.  
  
−
When they returned to South Africa, Smit initially worked as an arts editor for publications like ''[[Dagbreek]]'' and ''[[Sondagnuus]]'', before beoming a publisher at the [[Afrikaanse Pers-Boekhandel]]. Founder and key member of the [[Sestigers]] movement, he was successively also the editor of magazines such as ''[[60]]'', ''[[Kol]]'' and ''[[Sestiger]]''. Later, in the 1980s, he was also an influential founding member of the [[Skrywersgilde]].
+
When they returned to South Africa, Smit initially worked as an arts editor for publications like ''[[Dagbreek]]'' and ''[[Sondagnuus]]'', before becoming a publisher at the [[Afrikaanse Pers-Boekhandel]]. Founder and key member of the [[Sestigers]] movement, he was successively also the editor of magazines such as ''[[60]]'', ''[[Kol]]'' and ''[[Sestiger]]''. Later, in the 1980s, he was also an influential founding member of the [[Afrikaanse Skrywersgilde]] ("Afrikaans writers' guild")
  
−
He died of cancer in Johannesburg on 31 December 1986
+
He was finally awarded the [[Hertzog Prize]] for Drama in 1978 in recognition of his work as dramatist, with special mention being made of his plays ''[[Christine]]'', ''[[Moeder Hanna]]'', ''[[Putsonderwater]]'' and ''[[Die Verminktes]]'' (''[[Beeld]]'', 29 Apr 1978).
 +
 
 +
In the year he turned 60 (1984), three compilations of essays were published by [[Perskor]] to celebrate his life and contribution to [[Afrikaans]] literature and theatre: ''Bartho'' edited by [[Chris Barnard]]; ''Sestigers in Woord en Beeld: Bartho Smit'' and ''Spel en Spieël. Besprekings van die modern Afrikaanse drama en teater'', the latter two edited by [[Charles Malan]].
 +
 
 +
Sadly, he died of cancer in Johannesburg on 31 December 1986, aged 62.
  
 
==Contribution to SA theatre, film, media and/or performance==
 
==Contribution to SA theatre, film, media and/or performance==
  
−
He began his writing career as a poet and joined [[Perskor]] as a popular and inspirational publisher and became a founding member of the [[Sestigers]] movement and the [[Skrywersgilde]] in the 1980s. Went to Germany to finish his doctorate in philosophy, but never did, for he got to know theatre there and returned prepared to become a dramatist and director. Marriage to actress [[Kita Redelinghuys]] reinforced his interest in drama as a medium. An intellectual and  highly experimental writer with a respect for theatrical tradition and a flair for the dramatic and metaphoric, Smit’s work is vastly eclectic and often slightly cumbersome – yet memorable. He also directed many of his own plays over the years. Made his name with a few experiments with the realistic one act play, including his earliest work – ''[[Meisies van Vervloë Dae]]'' - and the play that established his reputation as dramatist, the haunting ''[[Moeder Hanna]]''. Both produced by  [[NTO]] in their [[NTO Kamertoneel]] in 1959, directed by Smit himself. He then moved on to the more highly charged and serious political work such as  ''[[Die Verminktes]]'' (Tr: “The Maimed” S: in English in London: 1960, in Afrikaans by [[PACT]]:  1977; Tr: 1960, P: 1960??**), ''[[Putsonderwater]]'' (Tr: “Well-without-water, or The ''Virgin and the Vultures'' - S: [[PACOFS]]: 1969, Tr: 19**, P: 1962), ''[[Christine]]'' (S: 19**, P: 19**), and the satirical political comedy of ''[[Don Juan onder die Boere]]'' (“Don Juan among the Farmers/Boers” - S: 1960, P: 1960??**), ''[[Bacchus in die Boland]]'' (“Bacchus in the Boland” -S: 19**, P: 19**)and  ''[[Die Keiser]]'' (“The Emperor”- S: 19**, P: 19**) to the frothy expertise of ''[[Die Man met 'n Lyk om sy Nek]]''. (“Man with a corpse around his neck” - S: 19**, P: 19**). On occasion acted as adjudicator for the [[FATSSA Play Festival]]. Smit is perhaps the most banned playwright in South African history, with virtually all his plays running into trouble (see entries on the individual plays). At the same time his superb translations of  Moliére, Ionesco, ***, *** and *** were published in 19** and brought him many awards, including the **** Award. He was finally awarded the [[Hertzog Prize]] for Drama in 1978 in recognition of his work as dramatist with special mention of his plays ''[[Christine]]'', ''[[Moeder Hanna]]'', ''[[Putsonderwater]]'' and ''[[Die Verminktes]]'' (''Beeld'', 29 Apr 1978). His spirit lives on in a new generation of Afrikaans writers: [[Reza de Wet]], [[Deon Opperman]], [[Charles Fourie]].
+
Though he began his writing career as a poet, when he and his actress wife Kita went to Germany to finish his doctorate in philosophy (which he never did), Smit became enamoured with theatre and returned ready to become a dramatist and director.  
 +
 
 +
===As playwright===
 +
 
 +
An intellectual and  highly experimental writer with a respect for theatrical tradition and a flair for the dramatic and metaphoric, Smit’s work is vastly eclectic and frequently controversial, the writing at times slightly cumbersome – yet always memorable.  
 +
 
 +
Always a political maverick, he - like his contemporary [[Athol Fugard]] - soon moved on to highly charged and serious political work, perhaps making him the most banned playwright in South African history, with virtually all his plays running into trouble with the authorities (see entries on the individual plays).  
 +
 
 +
'''''THE PLAYS'''''
 +
 
 +
'''''For details on the plays, click on the titles to go to the individual entries'''''
  
−
SMIT, Bartho. Afrikaans playwright. He wrote ''[[Moeder Hanna]]'' which the [[National Theatre]] staged in 1959. His Afrikaans translation of [[Friedrich Dürrenmatt]]’s ''[[The Visit]]'', directed by [[Fred Engelen]] with [[Anna Neethling-Pohl]], was staged at the [[Johannesburg Civic Theatre]] in 1962. [[Ricky Arden]] directed his ''[[Die Man met 'n Lyk om sy Nek]]'' for [[PACT]] at the [[Intimate]] in 1966.
+
''[[Meisies van Vervloë Dae]]'' ("Girls of bygone days"), written early 1950s, performed 1959.  
  
−
=== Published Dramas ===
+
''[[Moeder Hanna]]'', published 1956, performed by the [[National Theatre Organization]] in 1959).
−
''[[Moeder Hanna]]'', 1955
 
  
−
''[[Don Juan onder die Boere]]'', 1960
+
''[[Don Juan onder die Boere]]'' ("Don Juan among the Farmers/Boers"), 1960
  
−
''[[Die Verminktes]]'', 1960
+
''[[Die Verminktes]]'' (also an English translation: ''[[The Maimed]]''), 1960
  
−
''[[Putsonderwater]]: ’n toneelstuk in vier dele'', 1962
+
''[[Putsonderwater]]'' (later translated into English as ''[[Well-without-water, or The Virgin and the Vultures]]''), 1962
  
−
''[[Die Man met 'n Lyk om sy Nek]]: ’n moord-komedie'', 1967
+
''[[Die Man met 'n Lyk om sy Nek]]'' ("The man with a corpse around his neck"), 1967
  
 
''[[Christine]]'', 1971
 
''[[Christine]]'', 1971
  
−
''[[Die Man met die Alibi]]'', 1971
+
''[[Die Man met die Alibi]]'' ("The man with an alibi"), 1971
  
 
''[[Bacchus in die Boland]]'', 1974
 
''[[Bacchus in die Boland]]'', 1974
  
−
''[[Die Keiser]]: variasies op ’n sprokie van Hans Andersen'', 1977
+
''[[Die Keiser]]'', "variasies op ’n sprokie van Hans Andersen", ("The emperor, variations on a theme by Hans Andersen"), 1977
 +
 
 +
''[[Hagar]]'', written in 1977-8, but not performed or published.
 +
 
 +
===As adaptor===
 +
 
 +
''[[Sagmoedige Neelsie]]'' (1973)
 +
 
 +
''[[Love Potion]]'' 196*
 +
 
 +
===As translator===
 +
 
 +
At the same time he was a superb translator of a wide range of European writers, an activity that brought him many awards, including the [[Hertzog Prize]].
 +
 
 +
His [[Afrikaans]] translations include:
 +
 
 +
''[[Skaakbord van die Liefde]]'' (''[[The Fur Coat]]'' by A.G. Macdonell)
 +
 
 +
''[[Die Dans van die Reier]]'' ([[Hugo Claus]]) 196*
 +
 
 +
''[[Die Les]]'' (Ionesco),
 +
 
 +
''[[Die Renosters]]'' (Ionesco)
 +
 
 +
''[[Die Koning Sterf]]'' (Ionesco),
 +
 
 +
''[[Montserrat]]'' (Emmanuel Roblés),
 +
 
 +
''[[Becket of Die Eer van God]]'' (Jean Anouilh),
 +
 
 +
''[[Jakkalsstreke van Scapino]]'' (Molière),
 +
 
 +
''[[Dodedans]]'' (Strindberg)
 +
 
 +
''[[Pase]]'' (Strindberg),
 +
 
 +
''[[Die Burgemeester]]'' (Gert Hofmann),
 +
 
 +
''[[Klaagsang om 'n Sagmoedige]]'' (Fyodor Dostoevsky)
 +
 
 +
''[[Die Besoek van die Ou Dame]]'' (Dürrenmatt), 1962
 +
 
 +
''[[Teenspoed]]'' (Dürrenmatt)
 +
 
 +
''[[Kom Terug, Klein Skeba]]'' (William Inge)
 +
 
 +
Most of his translations were first published in individual editions, that were later collected in Bartho Smit-vertalings, a set of five volumes published by [[HAUM Literêr]] in 1985. The set received the [[Hertzog Prize]] for Translated work in 1985.
 +
 
 +
===As director===
 +
 
 +
Smit directed many of his own plays over the years, making his name with a few experiments with the realistic one act play, including his earliest work – ''[[Meisies van Vervloë Dae]]'' - and the play that established his reputation as dramatist, the haunting ''[[Moeder Hanna]]''. Both produced by  [[NTO]] in their [[NTO Kamertoneel]] in 1959, directed by Smit himself. He was also appointed as director of both ''[[Putsonderwater]]'' (1970) and ''[[Christine]]'' (1971) for [[CAPAB]], but both plays were withdrawn just before rehearsals were to start.
 +
 
 +
Other plays directed by Smit over the years include ''[[Sagmoedige Neelsie]]'' (1973).
 +
 
 +
===As publisher, theorist and mentor===
 +
 
 +
Smit was a visionary and daring publisher and a natural mentor to writers. With his interest in philosophy, he was naturally drawn to exploring the link between the theory and practice of the theatre and the society it arose from. A number of his articles in this regard were published in the collection ''[[Losgoed]]'' (1974), along with early plays and poetry.
 +
 
 +
Besides acting as mentor for a range of his contemporaries, his spirit has also lived on in the work produced by a dynamic new generation of [[Afrikaans]] writers that came to the fore in the 1980s, among them [[Reza de Wet]], [[Deon Opperman]] and [[Charles Fourie]].
  
 
== Awards, etc ==
 
== Awards, etc ==
 +
 
1960: Encyclopaedia Britannica Award for his English translation of his play ''[[Die Verminktes]]'' (''The Maimed'').
 
1960: Encyclopaedia Britannica Award for his English translation of his play ''[[Die Verminktes]]'' (''The Maimed'').
  
 
1978: [[Hertzog Prize]] for [[Afrikaans]] drama for ''[[Putsonderwater]]'', ''[[Moeder Hanna]]'', ''[[Christine]]'' and ''[[Die Verminktes]]''.
 
1978: [[Hertzog Prize]] for [[Afrikaans]] drama for ''[[Putsonderwater]]'', ''[[Moeder Hanna]]'', ''[[Christine]]'' and ''[[Die Verminktes]]''.
  
−
1979: Preskor Prize for Literature for his play ''[[Die Keiser]]''.
+
1979: [[Perskor Prys vir Letterkunde]] ("Perskor Prize for Literature") for his play ''[[Die Keiser]]''.
 +
 
 +
1985: [[Hertzog Prize]]  for Translated Work
  
 
== Sources ==
 
== Sources ==
−
See: ''[[SATJ]]'' Sept. 1987;  Malan, 19**, Kannemeyer, 19**; Tucker, 1997
 
  
−
''Wikipedia'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartho_Smit]
+
[[The Star]], 16 November 1968.
 +
 
 +
[[Chris Barnard]]. 1984. ''Bartho''. Johannesburg: Perskor.
 +
 
 +
[[Temple Hauptfleisch]] and [[Ian Steadman]]. 1984. ''South African Theatre. Four Plays and an Introduction''. Pretoria: [[HAUM]] Educational Publishers
 +
 
 +
[[Temple Hauptfleisch]] and [[Marisa Keuris]]. 2023. '''n Huldiging: Bartho Smit. Koorddanser tussen triomf en tragedie''. Pretoria [[Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns]]
 +
 
 +
[[John Christoffel Kannemeyer|J.C. Kannemeyer]] 1978. ''Geskiedenis van die Afrikaanse Literatuur'' I. Pretoria: Academica. (Second edition, 1984[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/kann003gesk01_01/kann003gesk01_01_0012.php].
 +
 
 +
[[J.C. Kannemeyer]]. 1984. ‘’Geskiedenis van die Afrikaanse Literatuur’’2[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/kann003gesk02_01/colofon.php].
 +
 
 +
[[Charles Malan]]. 1984. ''Sestigers in Woord en Beeld: Bartho Smit''. Johannesburg: Perskor.
 +
 
 +
[[Charles Malan]]. 1984. ''Spel en Spieël. Besprekings van die modern Afrikaanse drama en teater''.  Johannesburg: Perskor.
 +
 
 +
[[Erika Terblanche]]. 2018. "Bartho Smit (1924–1987)" [[ATKV|LitNet-Skrywersalbum]][https://www.litnet.co.za/bartho-smit-1924-1987/]
 +
 
 +
[[Percy Tucker]]. 1997. ''Just the Ticket. My 50 Years in Show Business''. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press. 
 +
 
 +
''[[SATJ]]'' Sept. 1987 
 +
 
 +
"Bartho Smit" in English ''[[Wikipedia]]'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartho_Smit]
 +
 
 +
"Bartho Smit" [[Afrikaans]] ''[[Wikipedia]]'' [https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartho_Smit]
 +
 
 +
"Bartho Smit" in ''[[Wikiwand]]''[https://www.wikiwand.com/af/Bartho_Smit]
 +
 
 +
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bartho-Smit
 +
 
  
−
''Afrikaans Wikipedia'' [https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartho_Smit]
 
  
 
Go to [[ESAT Bibliography]]
 
Go to [[ESAT Bibliography]]

Latest revision as of 15:10, 30 July 2023

Bartho Smit (1924–1986) was a South African writer, poet, dramatist, director, translator, editor and publisher.

Biography

Born Bartholomeus Jacobus Smit in Klerkskraal on 15 July 1924, he matriculated in Standerton and then completed a bachelor's degree at the University of Pretoria in 1949, followed by a Master of Arts degree in 1951.

He met the actress Kita Redelinghuys while a student and they married in 1949. The two of them to toured Paris, Munich and London between 1952 and 1957, where he immersed himself in drama and philosophy. While in Europe they also met and became close friends with South African author Jan Rabie and others.

When they returned to South Africa, Smit initially worked as an arts editor for publications like Dagbreek and Sondagnuus, before becoming a publisher at the Afrikaanse Pers-Boekhandel. Founder and key member of the Sestigers movement, he was successively also the editor of magazines such as 60, Kol and Sestiger. Later, in the 1980s, he was also an influential founding member of the Afrikaanse Skrywersgilde ("Afrikaans writers' guild")

He was finally awarded the Hertzog Prize for Drama in 1978 in recognition of his work as dramatist, with special mention being made of his plays Christine, Moeder Hanna, Putsonderwater and Die Verminktes (Beeld, 29 Apr 1978).

In the year he turned 60 (1984), three compilations of essays were published by Perskor to celebrate his life and contribution to Afrikaans literature and theatre: Bartho edited by Chris Barnard; Sestigers in Woord en Beeld: Bartho Smit and Spel en Spieël. Besprekings van die modern Afrikaanse drama en teater, the latter two edited by Charles Malan.

Sadly, he died of cancer in Johannesburg on 31 December 1986, aged 62.

Contribution to SA theatre, film, media and/or performance

Though he began his writing career as a poet, when he and his actress wife Kita went to Germany to finish his doctorate in philosophy (which he never did), Smit became enamoured with theatre and returned ready to become a dramatist and director.

As playwright

An intellectual and highly experimental writer with a respect for theatrical tradition and a flair for the dramatic and metaphoric, Smit’s work is vastly eclectic and frequently controversial, the writing at times slightly cumbersome – yet always memorable.

Always a political maverick, he - like his contemporary Athol Fugard - soon moved on to highly charged and serious political work, perhaps making him the most banned playwright in South African history, with virtually all his plays running into trouble with the authorities (see entries on the individual plays).

THE PLAYS

For details on the plays, click on the titles to go to the individual entries

Meisies van Vervloë Dae ("Girls of bygone days"), written early 1950s, performed 1959.

Moeder Hanna, published 1956, performed by the National Theatre Organization in 1959).

Don Juan onder die Boere ("Don Juan among the Farmers/Boers"), 1960

Die Verminktes (also an English translation: The Maimed), 1960

Putsonderwater (later translated into English as Well-without-water, or The Virgin and the Vultures), 1962

Die Man met 'n Lyk om sy Nek ("The man with a corpse around his neck"), 1967

Christine, 1971

Die Man met die Alibi ("The man with an alibi"), 1971

Bacchus in die Boland, 1974

Die Keiser, "variasies op ’n sprokie van Hans Andersen", ("The emperor, variations on a theme by Hans Andersen"), 1977

Hagar, written in 1977-8, but not performed or published.

As adaptor

Sagmoedige Neelsie (1973)

Love Potion 196*

As translator

At the same time he was a superb translator of a wide range of European writers, an activity that brought him many awards, including the Hertzog Prize.

His Afrikaans translations include:

Skaakbord van die Liefde (The Fur Coat by A.G. Macdonell)

Die Dans van die Reier (Hugo Claus) 196*

Die Les (Ionesco),

Die Renosters (Ionesco)

Die Koning Sterf (Ionesco),

Montserrat (Emmanuel Roblés),

Becket of Die Eer van God (Jean Anouilh),

Jakkalsstreke van Scapino (Molière),

Dodedans (Strindberg)

Pase (Strindberg),

Die Burgemeester (Gert Hofmann),

Klaagsang om 'n Sagmoedige (Fyodor Dostoevsky)

Die Besoek van die Ou Dame (Dürrenmatt), 1962

Teenspoed (Dürrenmatt)

Kom Terug, Klein Skeba (William Inge)

Most of his translations were first published in individual editions, that were later collected in Bartho Smit-vertalings, a set of five volumes published by HAUM Literêr in 1985. The set received the Hertzog Prize for Translated work in 1985.

As director

Smit directed many of his own plays over the years, making his name with a few experiments with the realistic one act play, including his earliest work – Meisies van Vervloë Dae - and the play that established his reputation as dramatist, the haunting Moeder Hanna. Both produced by NTO in their NTO Kamertoneel in 1959, directed by Smit himself. He was also appointed as director of both Putsonderwater (1970) and Christine (1971) for CAPAB, but both plays were withdrawn just before rehearsals were to start.

Other plays directed by Smit over the years include Sagmoedige Neelsie (1973).

As publisher, theorist and mentor

Smit was a visionary and daring publisher and a natural mentor to writers. With his interest in philosophy, he was naturally drawn to exploring the link between the theory and practice of the theatre and the society it arose from. A number of his articles in this regard were published in the collection Losgoed (1974), along with early plays and poetry.

Besides acting as mentor for a range of his contemporaries, his spirit has also lived on in the work produced by a dynamic new generation of Afrikaans writers that came to the fore in the 1980s, among them Reza de Wet, Deon Opperman and Charles Fourie.

Awards, etc

1960: Encyclopaedia Britannica Award for his English translation of his play Die Verminktes (The Maimed).

1978: Hertzog Prize for Afrikaans drama for Putsonderwater, Moeder Hanna, Christine and Die Verminktes.

1979: Perskor Prys vir Letterkunde ("Perskor Prize for Literature") for his play Die Keiser.

1985: Hertzog Prize for Translated Work

Sources

The Star, 16 November 1968.

Chris Barnard. 1984. Bartho. Johannesburg: Perskor.

Temple Hauptfleisch and Ian Steadman. 1984. South African Theatre. Four Plays and an Introduction. Pretoria: HAUM Educational Publishers

Temple Hauptfleisch and Marisa Keuris. 2023. 'n Huldiging: Bartho Smit. Koorddanser tussen triomf en tragedie. Pretoria Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns

J.C. Kannemeyer 1978. Geskiedenis van die Afrikaanse Literatuur I. Pretoria: Academica. (Second edition, 1984[1].

J.C. Kannemeyer. 1984. ‘’Geskiedenis van die Afrikaanse Literatuur’’2[2].

Charles Malan. 1984. Sestigers in Woord en Beeld: Bartho Smit. Johannesburg: Perskor.

Charles Malan. 1984. Spel en Spieël. Besprekings van die modern Afrikaanse drama en teater. Johannesburg: Perskor.

Erika Terblanche. 2018. "Bartho Smit (1924–1987)" LitNet-Skrywersalbum[3]

Percy Tucker. 1997. Just the Ticket. My 50 Years in Show Business. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.

SATJ Sept. 1987

"Bartho Smit" in English Wikipedia [4]

"Bartho Smit" Afrikaans Wikipedia [5]

"Bartho Smit" in Wikiwand[6]

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bartho-Smit


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