Black
Black as an adjective
Black (as in "Black culture", "Black theatre", "Black South Africans" and so on): A contentious matter. By and large this encyclopaedia utilizes the American usage, which has been followed in South Africa from the middle of the 1970s till after 1994, namely to use the adjective "black" in this context to refer to the conventions, attributes, activities and culture of anyone classified as "non-white" or "non-European" in former years (i.e. under British rule/Apartheid regime). This implies that the term is a blanket term referring to all people that used to be referred to as African (i.e. Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho, Tswana, etc.), the so-called "Coloureds", the Indians and all the other Asian peoples in the country.
This usage has been challenged in a variety of ways of course, and actually derives from one of the overriding aims of the various anti-apartheid solidarity movements (most notably the Black People's Convention and the Black Consciousness Movement which it espoused), namely to create solidarity among all the oppressed. In this light for example, Ian Steadman (in Hauptfleisch and Steadman, 1984) sees "Black theatre" as theatre with a specific point of view rather than a theatre defined by skin pigmentation. Today there are other schools of thought however which prefer to reserve "black" for people of pure African descent alone, particularly as we move past the 1990 shift in power - and indeed this is the way the new the ANC led government uses it, having kept the old Apartheid categorizations alive after 1994 (ostensibly for purposes of redress and equity).
Other contentious terms of differentiation used over the centuries in Southern Africa, and appearing in the plays and literature, include: Bushman, Hottentot, Kaffir, Bantu, Non European , Non White,
See also
Apartheid classifications and terminology
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