Rederijkerskamers

Rederijkerskamers (Lit: "chambers of rhetoric"). Also spelled Rederykerskamers in Afrikaans.

Origins

Dutch cultural societies which derived from the French notion of a "college de rhétorique", they sought to promote poetry and rhetoric and took root in Southern Holland in the 15th century.

One of the earliest recorded was Het Boeck, a poet's society founded in Brussels in 1401AD, which focussed on rhetoric utilizing poems as well as plays. Over the course of the next three centuries the idea spread further and became a cultural feature of Northern Holland as well.

By the mid 19th century (in 1856) the societies appeared to be flourishing and the Nederlandsche Rederijkers Verbond ("Society of Redrijkerskamers"), to which the majority of such and related societies devoted to rhetoric and poetry were affiliated, lists the names over 200 new members!

Rederijkers in South Africa

Structure

The idea transposed to South Africa rather late, arriving only in the 19th century. The South African societies appear to have been somewhat less irreverent and more functionally organised than their Dutch counterparts (which had a "Keiser" or a "Prince" rather than the local Chairman and Secretary as leader for example), and where aimed at promoting Dutch literature and culture through poetry recitals, debates and dramatic and musical performances. They had an enormous impact on Dutch - and consequently on Cape Dutch and ultimately Afrikaans - literature and theatre.

Key groups

The first formal South African Rederijkerskamer was Thespis, founded in Paarl in 1857 by ***. A second, very famous one was Aurora, founded in Paarl in 1862, which appears to have gone through a number of phases and - though initalliy shortlived - eventually survived into the twentieth century. Revived as Aurora II in 1866 in Cape Town, it owed much of its success to the active participation of the prolific playwrights Melt Brink and H.W. Teengs. After its collapse in 1887, it was once more revived by Brink as Aurora III in 1909 and existed till 1914. Another Rederijker'skamer of note was Onze Taal, founded in Pretoria in 1890 and active till 1912.

Impact on South African theatre

They had an enormous impact on Dutch - and consequently on Cape Dutch and ultimately Afrikaans - literature and theatre. They formed the basis iof the evolution of Afrikaans amateur theatre in the country, and even some semi-professional writers (e.g. Melt Brink) and performers had their first exposure to theatre in the cultural evenings presented by these groups.

(See entries on individual companies and the entry on Dutch Theatre in South Africa. Sources: Bosman, 1928 and 1980; Binge, 1969; Fletcher, 1994)