The COVID-19 pandemic (or Corona Virus) of 2019-20 has had a devastating impact on the lives and careers of all people, including the vast world of the arts.

COVID-19

On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan City, China. ‘Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2’ (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed as the causative agent of what we now know as ‘Coronavirus Disease 2019’ (COVID-19). Since then, the virus has spread to more than 100 countries, including South Africa.

Whilst the measures taken to combat and curb the virus have been drastic, and in themselves often the cause of immense problems for the arts industry and its participants, the pandemic has also produced remarkable examples of humanitarian and artistic responses world-wide.

For more details, see the Wikipedia entry on "2019–20 coronavirus pandemic"[1]

For more specific information on the pandemic and its impact in South Africa, see the Wikipedia entry on "2020 coronavirus pandemic in South Africa"[2] and the official COVID-19 Corona Virus South African Resource Portal[3]

COVID-19 and theatre, film, media and performance in South Africa

The pandemic is still playing out and the full economic, artistic, social, political and psychological impact of this catastrophe is can only be assessed and understood over time. For the interim we place the following brief overview touching on some issues, based on a short report by Gaerin Hauptfleisch and Temple Hauptfleisch, written at the request of the editor of the online journal Critical Stages (published by the International Association of Theatre Critics) and to be published with other reports from different countries, in June 2020.

As the first reports of what is now known as the COVID-19 international pandemic began to surface locally in February of 2020, and the first confirmed South African case announced on 5 March 2020, feelings of restlessness and uncertainty soon made their presence felt throughout the cultural and sporting fraternity in South Africa. Everyone was unsure of what was going to happen and how to react to it, but with many people going into voluntary isolation, the organizers of many social, cultural and sporting events soon began making (tentative) alternative arrangements, including postponing events, closing or limiting the use of venues, etc. In a swift response to the COVID-19 international pandemic, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced a full national lockdown starting on 26 March 2020, initially for three weeks, but extended to five later, and then gradually relaxed after 30 April, and then gradually phased out from 1 May - though theatres and other venues remain closed.

All theatrical events, festivals and musical concerts have been affected by this, venues officially bidden to close their doors and productions and public events either being postponed or cancelled – with no idea of the duration of the lockdown. The last arts festival to still take place was the Woordfees (“Word Festival”) in Stellenbosch during March and the first to actually announce that it was not going to take place was the Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees in Oudtshoorn, in April. It was soon followed by the rest. In a similar vein, a number of theatres are considering a long term closure, or even closing down permanently – Cape Town’s Baxter Theatre talking of only reopening in 2021 for instance.

The lockdown of public events or performances also includes educational work for schools, industrial theatre and/or promotional work – all staple income-generating activities for performers, writers and directors.

The implications

Besides the devastating effect this crisis has had (and will continue to have) on the economy of the country and its citizens, the most ominous implication of this lockdown for freelance artists, technicians and related staff, as well as theatre owners and managers, is exceedingly simple: since no work can be done and thus no income can be earned – the bulk of the artistic community can currently be described as unemployed, with no way of planning ahead. Hence theatres and festivals may close and never reopen, artists be forced to seek other occupations, etc.

What makes this aspect so immensely critical in South Africa is the fact that virtually the entire South African theatre industry is a freelance system, except for a number of people employed permanently by a number of urban commercial theatres and companies. Most of the rest, as well as the cultural products deriving from the industry, are predominantly dependent on the more than 40 public arts festivals, carnivals and other celebratory events that occur every year, throughout the country. Very few artists actually have long term contracts and virtually none have permanent employment.

Some artistic responses

To counter some of the more devastating of these problems, some artists – those in the music industry in particular - have become quite creative and started using online resources to release music and also offer masterclasses during the pandemic. A number of theatres and companies have also begun streaming performances, run online events or released archived productions to watch online.

At least one schools festival will operate online with participants sending in videos of their work, largely poetry, monologues etc. As for the professional festivals, the most radical attempt comes from the National Arts Festival in Grahamstown (now Makhanda) which is going virtual, hoping that by presenting work within a digital space they hope can continue to support artists and the arts in 2020.

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Governmental and other responses

The central Government has set-up a relief fund of a hundred and fifty million rand for the Sports, Arts and Culture sector. Artists were invited to apply for funding for cancelled or postponed projects with supporting documentation. A number of other organizations like BASA (Business and Arts South Africa) and funding agencies have made similar offers of support. These aid schemes are currently being processed. Other organizations, including the South African Theatre Benevolent Fund, are exploring supporting actions while a number of theatres and companies have in desperation turned to various forms of crowd-funding as possible options.