Difference between revisions of "Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries"
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| + | '''Return to:''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Return To [[ESAT Chronology|A Chronology of South African Theatre and Performance]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Return to [[The ESAT Entries]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Return to [[Main Page]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | = Key to entries = | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Items in normal text indicate [[South African]] non-theatrical events and activities | ||
| + | Items printed in '''bold''' indicate [[South African]] '''theatre and performance events'''. | ||
| + | All items in ''italics'' refer to international (i.e. non-South African) events or international '''''theatre and performance events''''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | = Entries = | ||
== Eleventh Century == | == Eleventh Century == | ||
| − | ±1000 AD ''Venice begins to evolve as a great commercial centre.'' | + | |
| + | |||
| + | == ±1000 AD == | ||
| + | ''Venice begins to evolve as a great commercial centre.'' | ||
''Norwegian Vikings reach North America''. | ''Norwegian Vikings reach North America''. | ||
| − | |||
| − | 1054AD ''The Byzantine Church breaks with Rome''. | + | == 1016AD == |
| + | ''The Danish conqueror Canute becomes King of England'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | == 1054AD == | ||
| + | ''The Byzantine Church breaks with Rome''. | ||
''William of Normandy wins battle of Hastings and becomes King of England'' | ''William of Normandy wins battle of Hastings and becomes King of England'' | ||
| − | |||
| − | 1080-1140AD ''Peter Abelard writes letters to Héloïse''. | + | == ±1075AD == |
| + | ''Wool-manufacturing towns of Flanders help to revive European trade''. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | == 1080-1140AD == | ||
| + | ''Peter Abelard writes letters to Héloïse''. | ||
''William IX, Duke of Normandy – the first known troubadour''. | ''William IX, Duke of Normandy – the first known troubadour''. | ||
| − | |||
| − | ±1090AD ''The Song of Roland composed in Medieval French. Chinese text mentions use of the compass by Arabs''. | + | == 1087AD == |
| + | ''The Moslems build Timbuktu as a centre of commerce and learning''. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | == ±1090AD == | ||
| + | ''The Song of Roland composed in Medieval French. Chinese text mentions use of the compass by Arabs''. | ||
| + | |||
| − | 1095-1099AD ''First Crusade captures Jerusalem''. | + | == 1095-1099AD == |
| + | ''First Crusade captures Jerusalem''. | ||
== Twelfth Century == | == Twelfth Century == | ||
| − | ±1100-1200AD ''Chanson de Roland written | + | ==±1100-1200AD== |
| − | + | ''Chanson de Roland written''. ''2nd Crusade (1147-1149AD)''. | |
| − | ''2nd Crusade (1147-1149AD)''. | ||
'''''Growth of drama in China after Mongol take-over''''' | '''''Growth of drama in China after Mongol take-over''''' | ||
| − | 1123AD ''Omar Khayyam (?-1123), poet and astronomer, dies'' | + | ==1123AD== |
| + | ''Omar Khayyam (?-1123), poet and astronomer, dies'' | ||
| − | 1153AD ''The Islamic geographer Idrisi’s The Pleasure of the Ardent Inquirer, containing his circular map of the world''. | + | ==1153AD== |
| + | ''The Islamic geographer Idrisi’s The Pleasure of the Ardent Inquirer, containing his circular map of the world''. | ||
| − | 1163AD ''Notre Dame Cathedral begun in Paris'' | + | ==1163AD== |
| + | ''Notre Dame Cathedral begun in Paris'' | ||
| − | 1170AD ''Thomas à Beckett murdered in Canterbury''. '''''Mystère d’Adam performed in France'''''. | + | ==1170AD== |
| + | ''Thomas à Beckett murdered in Canterbury''. '''''Mystère d’Adam performed in France'''''. | ||
| − | 1187AD ''Saladin defeats the crusaders and takes Jerusalem''. | + | ==1187AD== |
| + | ''Saladin defeats the crusaders and takes Jerusalem''. | ||
| − | 1189-1192AD ''3rd Crusade''. | + | ==1189-1192AD== |
| + | ''3rd Crusade''. | ||
== Thirteenth Century == | == Thirteenth Century == | ||
| − | 1202-1204AD | + | ==1202-1204AD== |
| + | ''4th Crusade''. THE HEIGHT OF THE GREAT ZIMBABWE TRADITION OF SETTLEMENT BY THE SHONA (±1200-1300AD). | ||
| − | 1203AD ''Nibelungenlied written in Germany. Incas begin to settle in Peru''. | + | ==1203AD== |
| + | ''Nibelungenlied written in Germany. Incas begin to settle in Peru''. | ||
| − | 1209AD ''Cambridge University founded''. | + | ==1209AD== |
| + | ''Cambridge University founded''. | ||
| − | 1215AD ''Magna Carta signed in England''. | + | ==1215AD== |
| + | ''Magna Carta signed in England''. | ||
| − | 1217AD ''Beginning of 5th–7thCrusades (1217-1254AD)''. | + | ==1217AD == |
| + | ''Beginning of 5th–7thCrusades (1217-1254AD)''. | ||
| − | ±1235AD ''Le Roman de la Rose begun (±1235-77AD)''. | + | ==±1235AD== |
| + | ''Le Roman de la Rose begun (±1235-77AD)''. | ||
| − | 1258AD | + | ==1258AD== |
''The Mongol Hulagu Khan takes Baghdad ending Abbasid rule''. | ''The Mongol Hulagu Khan takes Baghdad ending Abbasid rule''. | ||
| + | MAPUNGUPWE STARTS BECOMING THE DOMINANT POWER IN THE LIMPOPO VALLEY. | ||
| − | 1259AD ''Hulagu Khan sets up an observatory at Maraga, Persia''. | + | ==1259AD== |
| + | ''Hulagu Khan sets up an observatory at Maraga, Persia''. | ||
| − | ±1265AD ''Marco Polo begins his travels''. | + | ==±1265AD== |
| + | ''Marco Polo begins his travels''. | ||
| − | ±1285AD ''Spectacles made in Northern Italy''. | + | ==±1285AD== |
| + | ''Spectacles made in Northern Italy''. | ||
| − | 1291AD VESSELS FROM GENOA CIRCUMNAVIGATE AFRICA, PAST CAPE OF STORMS | + | ==1291AD== |
| + | ''Aztecs enter and begin to settle Mexico''. | ||
| + | VESSELS FROM GENOA CIRCUMNAVIGATE AFRICA, PAST CAPE OF STORMS. | ||
| − | 1292AD | + | ==1292AD == |
| + | ''Marco Polo discovers a Moslem kingdom on Sumatra''. | ||
| − | 1295AD ''Ghazan Khan the Mongol converted to Islam''. | + | ==1295AD== |
| + | ''Ghazan Khan the Mongol converted to Islam''. | ||
== Fourteenth Century == | == Fourteenth Century == | ||
| − | ±1300AD '' | + | ==±1300AD == |
| + | ''The Ottoman Turkish conquest of Asia minor begins, diminishing the Byzantine empire''. | ||
| + | |||
| + | SETTLEMENT BEGINS OF THE VARIOUS REGIONS OF SOUTH AFRICA BY SOTHO-TSWANA SPEAKERS (HIGHVELD INTERIOR), NGUNI SPEAKERS (SOUTH EASTERN COAST AND DRAKENSBERG), WHILE THE THE KHOISAN BECOME THE DOMINANT SOCIETY IN THE EASTERNAND WESTERN CAPE. ONGOING RECORDS OF SOCIAL, RITUAL AND OTHER ACTIVITIES ARE KEPT IN ROCK PAINTINGS. | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''A RANGE OF RITUAL AND SOCIAL DANCES, STORIES AND SONGS EVOLVE AMONG THE VARIOUS GROUPS (SOTHO-TSWANA, NGUNI AND KHOISAN) AND DEVELOP SPECIFIC FORMS AND STYLES OVER TWO CENTURIES'''. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==1306AD== | ||
| + | ''Giotto’s The Lamentation''. | ||
| − | + | ==±1310AD== | |
| + | ''Mechanical clock perfected (±1310)''; ''Mystery and Miracle cycles flourish in England and France, often after feast of Corpus Christi''. | ||
| − | + | IRON AGE EXPANSION INTO GRASSLANDS BEGINS. | |
| − | ±1320AD ''Firearms used in Europe''. | + | ==±1320AD== |
| + | ''Firearms used in Europe''. | ||
| − | 1321AD ''The Divina Commedia by Dante''. | + | ==1321AD== |
| + | ''The Divina Commedia by Dante''. | ||
| − | 1337AD ''100 Years War begins between England and France''. | + | ==1337AD== |
| + | ''100 Years War begins between England and France''. | ||
| − | 1342AD ''Petrarch’s Africa''. | + | ==1342AD== |
| + | ''Petrarch’s Africa''. | ||
| − | 1347AD ''General revolt by peasants starts against nobility in Italy, France and England (1347-81)''. | + | ==1347AD== |
| + | ''General revolt by peasants starts against nobility in Italy, France and England (1347-81)''. | ||
| − | 1348AD ''Boccacio’s Decameron begun (1348-53). Bubonic Plague (“The Black Death” – 1348-50)''. | + | ==1348AD== |
| + | ''Boccacio’s Decameron begun (1348-53). Bubonic Plague (“The Black Death” – 1348-50)''. | ||
| − | 1353AD ''Most of the Alhambra Palace is completed in Granada, Spain''. | + | ==1353AD== |
| + | ''Most of the Alhambra Palace is completed in Granada, Spain''. | ||
| − | c. 1363 – c. 1443 '''''Zeami writes his plays and theories of acting in Japan'''''. | + | ==c. 1363 – c. 1443== |
| + | '''''Zeami writes his plays and theories of acting in Japan'''''. | ||
| − | ±1375AD ''Ibn Khaldun, the great Moslem historian, begins his Muqaddima''. '''''Noh drama developed in Japan and its conventions codified''''' | + | ==±1375AD== |
| + | ''Ibn Khaldun, the great Moslem historian, begins his Muqaddima''. '''''Noh drama developed in Japan and its conventions codified''''' | ||
| − | 1379AD ''Timur the Lame (Tamerlane) invades Persia from the North''. | + | ==1379AD== |
| + | ''Timur the Lame (Tamerlane) invades Persia from the North''. | ||
| − | ±1387AD ''Chaucer begins The Canterbury Tales''. | + | ==±1387AD== |
| + | ''Chaucer begins The Canterbury Tales''. | ||
== Fifteenth Century == | == Fifteenth Century == | ||
| − | 1401 '''''The Rederykerskamer Het Boeck founded in Brussel'''''. | + | ==1401== |
| + | '''''The Rederykerskamer Het Boeck founded in Brussel'''''. | ||
| − | ±1402AD ''Decline of overland routes and search for alternative (maritime) routes to the East begins''. '''''Guild of amateur actors (Confraternity of the Passion) formed in Paris'''''. | + | ==±1402AD== |
| + | ''Decline of overland routes and search for alternative (maritime) routes to the East begins''. '''''Guild of amateur actors (Confraternity of the Passion) formed in Paris'''''. DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS CHIEFDOMS AMONG THE BANTU-SPEAKING INHABITANTS OF THE INTERIOR (SOTHO-GROUP). | ||
| − | ±1405AD Chinese Ming Dynasty begins sending fleets to India, Persia and Africa. | + | ==±1405AD== |
| + | Chinese Ming Dynasty begins sending fleets to India, Persia and Africa. | ||
| − | 1414AD '''''Vitruvius’s De Architectura discovered in manuscript at Gallen''''' . | + | ==1414AD== |
| + | '''''Vitruvius’s De Architectura discovered in manuscript at Gallen''''' . | ||
| − | 1419AD ''Bruneleschi designs and begins dome of cathedral in Florence. He also develops ideas of perspective in drawing''. | + | ==1419AD== |
| + | ''Bruneleschi designs and begins dome of cathedral in Florence. He also develops ideas of perspective in drawing''. | ||
| − | ±1425AD '''''The Morality play appears, as The Castle of Perseverence''''' | + | ==±1425AD== |
| + | '''''The Morality play appears, as The Castle of Perseverence''''' | ||
| − | 1434-64AD ''Cosimo de Medici begins his domination of Florence''. | + | ==1434-64AD== |
| + | ''Cosimo de Medici begins his domination of Florence''. | ||
| − | ±1440-2AD ''Donatello’s David''. Slave trade begins in Africa’s Rio do Ouro region. | + | ==±1440-2AD== |
| + | ''Donatello’s David''. Slave trade begins in Africa’s Rio do Ouro region. | ||
| − | ±1450AD ''Invention of printing with moveable type. Perspective as a device mastered by most Italian artists''. | + | ==±1450AD== |
| + | ''Invention of printing with moveable type. Perspective as a device mastered by most Italian artists''. | ||
| − | 1453AD ''Fall of Constantinople and end of 100 Years War. Taken by Ottoman Turks''. | + | ==1453AD== |
| + | ''Fall of Constantinople and end of 100 Years War. Taken by Ottoman Turks''. | ||
| − | 1454AD ''Gutenberg produces first printed Bible'' | + | ==1454AD== |
| + | ''Gutenberg produces first printed Bible'' | ||
| − | 1455AD ''Wars of the Roses begin in England.'' | + | ==1455AD== |
| + | ''Wars of the Roses begin in England.'' | ||
| − | 1465AD ''Printing press imported into Italy.'' | + | ==1465AD== |
| + | ''Printing press imported into Italy.'' | ||
| − | 1472AD '''''Plautus’s Plays published in Italy''''' | + | ==1472AD== |
| + | '''''Plautus’s Plays published in Italy''''' | ||
| − | 1474AD '''''Seneca’s Plays published in Italy (1474-84)''''' | + | ==1474AD== |
| + | '''''Seneca’s Plays published in Italy (1474-84)''''' | ||
| − | 1478AD ''Spanish Inquisition begins''. | + | ==1478AD== |
| + | ''Spanish Inquisition begins''. | ||
| − | 1479AD ''Horatius’s Ars Poetica published in Italy''. | + | ==1479AD== |
| + | '''Horatius’s Ars Poetica published in Italy''. | ||
| − | 1480AD ''Botticelli’s Birth of Venus''. | + | ==1480AD== |
| + | ''Botticelli’s Birth of Venus''. | ||
| − | 1486AD '''''Vitruvius’s De Architectura published in Italy''''' | + | ==1486AD== |
| + | '''''Vitruvius’s De Architectura published in Italy''''' | ||
| − | 1488AD BARTHOLOMEU DIAS SAILS PAST THE CAPE OF STORMS AND REACHES MOSSEL BAY. | + | ''1488AD'' |
| + | BARTHOLOMEU DIAS SAILS PAST THE CAPE OF STORMS AND REACHES MOSSEL BAY. | ||
| − | ±1490-1500AD ''Aztecs control most of Mexico, Inca Empire at its maximum extension from Colombia to Chile''. | + | ==±1490-1500AD== |
| + | ''Aztecs control most of Mexico, Inca Empire at its maximum extension from Colombia to Chile''. | ||
| − | 1492-3AD ''Columbus reaches America (1st and 2nd voyanges). In Granada Moslems libraries destroyed, Moslems and Jews expelled by Christians. Granada falls to the Christians''. | + | ==1492-3AD== |
| + | ''Columbus reaches America (1st and 2nd voyanges). In Granada Moslems libraries destroyed, Moslems and Jews expelled by Christians. Granada falls to the Christians''. | ||
| − | ±1495 ''Leonardo da Vinci begins The Last Supper''. '''''Everyman performed and also printed in Dutch'''''. | + | ==±1495== |
| + | ''Leonardo da Vinci begins The Last Supper''. '''''Everyman performed and also printed in Dutch'''''. | ||
| − | 1497-8AD ''Savanarola burnt at the stake (1498)''. '''''Aristotle’s Poetics and Aristophanes’s Plays published in Italy'''''. '''VASCO DA GAMA DESCRIBES HOW, ANCHORED IN MOSSEL BAY IN 1497 HE SAW 200 NEGROES COME TO THE BEACH WITH OXEN, AND PLAYING ON FLUTES AND DANCING, AND THE SAILORS DID THE SAME IN THE BOATS''' | + | ==1497-8AD== |
| + | ''Savanarola burnt at the stake (1498)''. '''''Aristotle’s Poetics and Aristophanes’s Plays published in Italy'''''. VASCO DA GAMA SAILS AROUND CAPE AND REACHES NATAL (25 DECEMBER 1497) AND INDIA. RETURNS BY SAME ROUTE. '''VASCO DA GAMA DESCRIBES HOW, ANCHORED IN MOSSEL BAY IN 1497 HE SAW 200 NEGROES COME TO THE BEACH WITH OXEN, AND PLAYING ON FLUTES AND DANCING, AND THE SAILORS DID THE SAME IN THE BOATS'''. | ||
| − | + | = Return to = | |
| − | Return To [[ | + | Return To [[ESAT Chronology|A Chronology of South African Theatre and Performance]] |
Return to [[The ESAT Entries]] | Return to [[The ESAT Entries]] | ||
Return to [[Main Page]] | Return to [[Main Page]] | ||
Latest revision as of 07:35, 19 December 2013
Return to:
Return To A Chronology of South African Theatre and Performance
Return to The ESAT Entries
Return to Main Page
Contents
- 1 Key to entries
- 2 Entries
- 2.1 Eleventh Century
- 2.2 ±1000 AD
- 2.3 1016AD
- 2.4 1054AD
- 2.5 ±1075AD
- 2.6 1080-1140AD
- 2.7 1087AD
- 2.8 ±1090AD
- 2.9 1095-1099AD
- 2.10 Twelfth Century
- 2.11 ±1100-1200AD
- 2.12 1123AD
- 2.13 1153AD
- 2.14 1163AD
- 2.15 1170AD
- 2.16 1187AD
- 2.17 1189-1192AD
- 2.18 Thirteenth Century
- 2.19 1202-1204AD
- 2.20 1203AD
- 2.21 1209AD
- 2.22 1215AD
- 2.23 1217AD
- 2.24 ±1235AD
- 2.25 1258AD
- 2.26 1259AD
- 2.27 ±1265AD
- 2.28 ±1285AD
- 2.29 1291AD
- 2.30 1292AD
- 2.31 1295AD
- 2.32 Fourteenth Century
- 2.33 ±1300AD
- 2.34 1306AD
- 2.35 ±1310AD
- 2.36 ±1320AD
- 2.37 1321AD
- 2.38 1337AD
- 2.39 1342AD
- 2.40 1347AD
- 2.41 1348AD
- 2.42 1353AD
- 2.43 c. 1363 – c. 1443
- 2.44 ±1375AD
- 2.45 1379AD
- 2.46 ±1387AD
- 2.47 Fifteenth Century
- 2.48 1401
- 2.49 ±1402AD
- 2.50 ±1405AD
- 2.51 1414AD
- 2.52 1419AD
- 2.53 ±1425AD
- 2.54 1434-64AD
- 2.55 ±1440-2AD
- 2.56 ±1450AD
- 2.57 1453AD
- 2.58 1454AD
- 2.59 1455AD
- 2.60 1465AD
- 2.61 1472AD
- 2.62 1474AD
- 2.63 1478AD
- 2.64 1479AD
- 2.65 1480AD
- 2.66 1486AD
- 2.67 ±1490-1500AD
- 2.68 1492-3AD
- 2.69 ±1495
- 2.70 1497-8AD
- 3 Return to
Key to entries
Items in normal text indicate South African non-theatrical events and activities Items printed in bold indicate South African theatre and performance events. All items in italics refer to international (i.e. non-South African) events or international theatre and performance events
Entries
Eleventh Century
±1000 AD
Venice begins to evolve as a great commercial centre.
Norwegian Vikings reach North America.
1016AD
The Danish conqueror Canute becomes King of England
1054AD
The Byzantine Church breaks with Rome.
William of Normandy wins battle of Hastings and becomes King of England
±1075AD
Wool-manufacturing towns of Flanders help to revive European trade.
1080-1140AD
Peter Abelard writes letters to Héloïse.
William IX, Duke of Normandy – the first known troubadour.
1087AD
The Moslems build Timbuktu as a centre of commerce and learning.
±1090AD
The Song of Roland composed in Medieval French. Chinese text mentions use of the compass by Arabs.
1095-1099AD
First Crusade captures Jerusalem.
Twelfth Century
±1100-1200AD
Chanson de Roland written. 2nd Crusade (1147-1149AD).
Growth of drama in China after Mongol take-over
1123AD
Omar Khayyam (?-1123), poet and astronomer, dies
1153AD
The Islamic geographer Idrisi’s The Pleasure of the Ardent Inquirer, containing his circular map of the world.
1163AD
Notre Dame Cathedral begun in Paris
1170AD
Thomas à Beckett murdered in Canterbury. Mystère d’Adam performed in France.
1187AD
Saladin defeats the crusaders and takes Jerusalem.
1189-1192AD
3rd Crusade.
Thirteenth Century
1202-1204AD
4th Crusade. THE HEIGHT OF THE GREAT ZIMBABWE TRADITION OF SETTLEMENT BY THE SHONA (±1200-1300AD).
1203AD
Nibelungenlied written in Germany. Incas begin to settle in Peru.
1209AD
Cambridge University founded.
1215AD
Magna Carta signed in England.
1217AD
Beginning of 5th–7thCrusades (1217-1254AD).
±1235AD
Le Roman de la Rose begun (±1235-77AD).
1258AD
The Mongol Hulagu Khan takes Baghdad ending Abbasid rule. MAPUNGUPWE STARTS BECOMING THE DOMINANT POWER IN THE LIMPOPO VALLEY.
1259AD
Hulagu Khan sets up an observatory at Maraga, Persia.
±1265AD
Marco Polo begins his travels.
±1285AD
Spectacles made in Northern Italy.
1291AD
Aztecs enter and begin to settle Mexico. VESSELS FROM GENOA CIRCUMNAVIGATE AFRICA, PAST CAPE OF STORMS.
1292AD
Marco Polo discovers a Moslem kingdom on Sumatra.
1295AD
Ghazan Khan the Mongol converted to Islam.
Fourteenth Century
±1300AD
The Ottoman Turkish conquest of Asia minor begins, diminishing the Byzantine empire.
SETTLEMENT BEGINS OF THE VARIOUS REGIONS OF SOUTH AFRICA BY SOTHO-TSWANA SPEAKERS (HIGHVELD INTERIOR), NGUNI SPEAKERS (SOUTH EASTERN COAST AND DRAKENSBERG), WHILE THE THE KHOISAN BECOME THE DOMINANT SOCIETY IN THE EASTERNAND WESTERN CAPE. ONGOING RECORDS OF SOCIAL, RITUAL AND OTHER ACTIVITIES ARE KEPT IN ROCK PAINTINGS.
A RANGE OF RITUAL AND SOCIAL DANCES, STORIES AND SONGS EVOLVE AMONG THE VARIOUS GROUPS (SOTHO-TSWANA, NGUNI AND KHOISAN) AND DEVELOP SPECIFIC FORMS AND STYLES OVER TWO CENTURIES.
1306AD
Giotto’s The Lamentation.
±1310AD
Mechanical clock perfected (±1310); Mystery and Miracle cycles flourish in England and France, often after feast of Corpus Christi.
IRON AGE EXPANSION INTO GRASSLANDS BEGINS.
±1320AD
Firearms used in Europe.
1321AD
The Divina Commedia by Dante.
1337AD
100 Years War begins between England and France.
1342AD
Petrarch’s Africa.
1347AD
General revolt by peasants starts against nobility in Italy, France and England (1347-81).
1348AD
Boccacio’s Decameron begun (1348-53). Bubonic Plague (“The Black Death” – 1348-50).
1353AD
Most of the Alhambra Palace is completed in Granada, Spain.
c. 1363 – c. 1443
Zeami writes his plays and theories of acting in Japan.
±1375AD
Ibn Khaldun, the great Moslem historian, begins his Muqaddima. Noh drama developed in Japan and its conventions codified
1379AD
Timur the Lame (Tamerlane) invades Persia from the North.
±1387AD
Chaucer begins The Canterbury Tales.
Fifteenth Century
1401
The Rederykerskamer Het Boeck founded in Brussel.
±1402AD
Decline of overland routes and search for alternative (maritime) routes to the East begins. Guild of amateur actors (Confraternity of the Passion) formed in Paris. DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS CHIEFDOMS AMONG THE BANTU-SPEAKING INHABITANTS OF THE INTERIOR (SOTHO-GROUP).
±1405AD
Chinese Ming Dynasty begins sending fleets to India, Persia and Africa.
1414AD
Vitruvius’s De Architectura discovered in manuscript at Gallen .
1419AD
Bruneleschi designs and begins dome of cathedral in Florence. He also develops ideas of perspective in drawing.
±1425AD
The Morality play appears, as The Castle of Perseverence
1434-64AD
Cosimo de Medici begins his domination of Florence.
±1440-2AD
Donatello’s David. Slave trade begins in Africa’s Rio do Ouro region.
±1450AD
Invention of printing with moveable type. Perspective as a device mastered by most Italian artists.
1453AD
Fall of Constantinople and end of 100 Years War. Taken by Ottoman Turks.
1454AD
Gutenberg produces first printed Bible
1455AD
Wars of the Roses begin in England.
1465AD
Printing press imported into Italy.
1472AD
Plautus’s Plays published in Italy
1474AD
Seneca’s Plays published in Italy (1474-84)
1478AD
Spanish Inquisition begins.
1479AD
'Horatius’s Ars Poetica published in Italy.
1480AD
Botticelli’s Birth of Venus.
1486AD
Vitruvius’s De Architectura published in Italy
1488AD BARTHOLOMEU DIAS SAILS PAST THE CAPE OF STORMS AND REACHES MOSSEL BAY.
±1490-1500AD
Aztecs control most of Mexico, Inca Empire at its maximum extension from Colombia to Chile.
1492-3AD
Columbus reaches America (1st and 2nd voyanges). In Granada Moslems libraries destroyed, Moslems and Jews expelled by Christians. Granada falls to the Christians.
±1495
Leonardo da Vinci begins The Last Supper. Everyman performed and also printed in Dutch.
1497-8AD
Savanarola burnt at the stake (1498). Aristotle’s Poetics and Aristophanes’s Plays published in Italy. VASCO DA GAMA SAILS AROUND CAPE AND REACHES NATAL (25 DECEMBER 1497) AND INDIA. RETURNS BY SAME ROUTE. VASCO DA GAMA DESCRIBES HOW, ANCHORED IN MOSSEL BAY IN 1497 HE SAW 200 NEGROES COME TO THE BEACH WITH OXEN, AND PLAYING ON FLUTES AND DANCING, AND THE SAILORS DID THE SAME IN THE BOATS.
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Return To A Chronology of South African Theatre and Performance
Return to The ESAT Entries
Return to Main Page
