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| − | | + | #REDIRECT[[Pantomime]] |
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| − | = Pantomime as concept =
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| − | The term has a range of meanings, including:
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| − | 1 The art or technique of communicating emotions, actions, feelings, and so without words, using only gestures, movements and facial expressions - i.e. as the equivalent of the word "[[Mime]]" - which its the more commonly used term today.
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| − | 2 As a play or entertainment in which the performers express themselves mutely by gestures, often to the accompaniment of music.
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| − | 3 Most often defined as an exotic form of entertainment for the entire family which is remotely based on a fairy tale or familiar story, but padded with popular songs, topical comedy and peopled with cross-dressed men and women.
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| − | '''For a comprehensive popular overview, see for example the entry on "Pantomime" in [[Wikipedia]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantomime].'''
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| − | = Pantomime in South Africa =
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| − | Because of socio-political ties with Britain, pantomime became part of the South African theatre tradition in the 19th century.
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| − | === Beginnings in the 19th Century ===
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| − | The first locally written pantomime in South Africa was performed in 1813, entitled [[''The Siege of Troy'']] and written by Boniface. [[Sefton Parry]] introduced the tradition of a seasonal pantomime with his production of [[Beauty and the Beast]] in 1857. In the 1870s and 1880s it was mainly the United Service Dramatic Company of Captain [[Disney Roebuck]] that gave annual pantomimes.
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| − | === Early 20th century ===
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| − | During the First World War the seasonal pantomimes were mainly produced by the [[J.C. Williamson]] organisation and the local impresario Leonard Rayne. They initiated the tradition of mounting a pantomime to tour the main centres. This tradition continued by African Theatres, was brought to an end by the depression of the 1930s.
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| − | Amateur dramatic societies started to produce pantomimes I 1935, a practice which gained momentum in the late 1950s. After 1955 when [[African Consolidated Theatres]] did their last pantomime, amateur dramatic companies became mainly responsible for staging pantomimes.
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| − | === Pantomimes on ice ===
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| − | These were introduced in 1953 by [[African Consolidated Theatres]].
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| − | [[From 1960 till 1993]]
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| − | In Durban, during the 1960s [[Marjorie Chase]] developed this entertainment further. * This trend was only changes in 1980 when [[NAPAC]] staged [[Cinderella]] by [[John Moss]], the leading local panto scriptwright. During the 1990s [[PACT]] produced pantomimes in English and Afrikaans with [[Janice Honeyman]] as scriptwright and [[Nerina Fereira]] as translator.
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| − | === From 1994 onwards ===
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| − | (MK)
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| − | [[F.C.L. Bosman]]. 1928. ''Drama en Toneel in Suid-Afrika'', Deel I: 1652-1855. Pretoria: [[J.H. de Bussy]]. [http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bosm012dram01_01/]: pp.
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| − | [[F.C.L. Bosman]]. 1980. ''Drama en Toneel in Suid-Afrika, Deel II, 1856-1916''. Pretoria: [[J.L. van Schaik]]: pp.
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| − | [[Elizabeth Conradie|Conradie, Elizabeth]]. 1934. ''Hollandse skrywers uit Suid-Afrika. Deel 1 (1652-1875) 'n Kultuur-historische studie''. Pretoria, [[J.H. de Bussy]] and Cape Town [[H.A.U.M.]].[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/conr002holl01_01/index.php]
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| − | [[Elizabeth Conradie|Conradie, Elizabeth]], 1949. ''Hollandse skrywers uit Suid-Afrika. Deel 2 (1875-1905) 'n Kultuur-historische studie''. Pretoria, [[J.H. de Bussy]] and Cape Town [[H.A.U.M.]].[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/conr002holl02_01/index.php]
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| − | [[P.J. du Toit]]. 1988. ''Amateurtoneel in Suid-Afrika''. Pretoria: Academica
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| − | [[Jill Fletcher]]. 1994. ''The Story of Theatre in South Africa: A Guide to its History from 1780-1930''. Cape Town: Vlaeberg: p.
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| − | [[Sydney Paul Gosher]]. 1988. ''A historical and critical survey of the South African one-act play written in English''. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Pretoria: [[University of South Africa]].
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| − | [[Temple Hauptfleisch]]. 1997. ''Theatre and Society in South Africa: Reflections in a Fractured Mirror''. Pretoria: Van Schaik[http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85401]: pp.
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| − | [[J.C. Kannemeyer]]. 1984. ‘’Geskiedenis van die Afrikaanse Literatuur’’1. Tafelberg Uitgewers[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/kann003gesk01_01/kann003gesk01_01_0024.php]: pp.
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| − | [[J.C. Kannemeyer]]. 1984. ‘’Geskiedenis van die Afrikaanse Literatuur’’2[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/kann003gesk02_01/colofon.php]: pp.
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| − | [[Loren Kruger]] 1999. The Drama of South Africa: Plays, Pageants and Publics Since 1910 London: Routledge
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| − | [[P.W. Laidler]]. 1926. ''The Annals of the Cape Stage''. Edinburgh: William Bryce: p.
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| − | [[Brian Astbury]]. 1979. The Space/Die Ruimte/Indawo. Cape Town: Moira and Azriel Fine.
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| − | Go to [[ESAT Bibliography]]
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| − | == Return to ==
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| − | Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS I: Original SA plays]]
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS II: Foreign plays]]
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS III: Collections]]
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| − | Return to [[PLAYS IV: Pageants and public performances]]
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| − | Return to [[South_African_Festivals|South African Festivals and Competitions]]
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| − | Return to [[The ESAT Entries]]
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| − | Return to [[Main Page]]
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