African Theatre

The name African Theatre can be used in a variety of ways, falling roughly into two categories.

As a generic term

For theatre in and theatre of Africa

The term African Theatre is really quite a difficult one to define, and it has been used in numerous ways over the years.

In the first place the term can be used as a generic reference to "theatre in and theatre of Africa". Also used may be African Theater, African Drama, or African Performance (or any combination of these). Alternately it may also be Theatre, Drama and/or Performance in Africa.

This already points a number of difficulties with the idea of using the umbrella term African to discuss theatre from, in and on the continent.

The first and perhaps most important observation to make, given the variety, size and cultural diversity of the African continent is a question one may ask about "African theatre, namely "What Africa are you talking about?" It is one often asked by a number of commentators, one of the more critical being the Nigerian born author and academic Kole Omotoso (See for example Hutchison and Omotoso. 1995.) The fact is that there are a multitude of "Africas", each with its own particular cultural, social, political, economic, ethical and other characteristics - and ipso facto, its own traditions, conventions and functions of and for theatrical performance.

The second obeservation has to do with the rather dated notion that Africa did not have a tradition of theatre (or the idea of theatre), and that many African languages did not have a word for it. This stance assumes that theatre - as a cultural practice - was brought to the continent in the period of colonization by European settlers. But this belief is this is patently absurd, for it totally ignores the nature of theatre and performance as we see them today, as well as the growing archaeological evidence. For example, it is widely believed that the first human beings almost certainly came from the continent, and these peoples (e.g. the San in Southern Africa) had a long narrative and dance tradition, as evidenced by age-old rock paintings containing drawings and other physical indications. In addition, the northern regions, notably Egypt, abutted the European continent and yet are part of Africa.

However, there is a long history of the erasure of African achievement in favour of European benevolence and beneficence, it is has long been a fundamental part of the skewed history of the arts and cultures of the continent, an attitude that to this day still requires energy and vigilance to oppose, reinterpret and rectify.

(For more on these points, see African and African theatre)

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For an African style or form of theatre

In the second place as a reference to a style or form of theatre deriving from Africa.

Both these uses are somewhat contested, but nevertheless often found and used.

For more information

Banham, Rotimi, Igweonu (2011),

Encyclopaedia Brittanica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/757261/African-theatre

As the name of a theatre

There are a large number of companies and theatres utilising this name, in and outside South Africa.

The African Theatre, Cape Town

Also known officially by its Dutch name as "Di Afrikaansche Schouwburg".

See The African Theatre

Sources

F.C.L. Bosman, 1928; Jill Fletcher, 1994:21-28; P.J. du Toit, 1988 [TH, JH]

For more information

http://ancestry24.com/st-stephens-church-ngk/

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