Imbongi - Revision history

Satj at 14:09, 17 June 2014

2014-06-17T14:09:03Z

Satj: /* Return to */

2014-06-17T14:05:16Z

Return to

Satj: /* Sources */

2014-06-17T09:40:57Z

Sources

Satj at 09:37, 17 June 2014

2014-06-17T09:37:39Z

Satj: /* Izibongo */

2014-06-17T09:35:08Z

Izibongo

Satj: /* TO BE EXPANDED AND EDITED */

2014-06-17T05:23:08Z

TO BE EXPANDED AND EDITED

Satj at 05:20, 17 June 2014

2014-06-17T05:20:12Z

Satj at 05:19, 17 June 2014

2014-06-17T05:19:23Z

Satj: /* Imbongi */

2014-06-17T05:14:36Z

Imbongi

Centaps at 07:53, 7 September 2010

2010-09-07T07:53:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 17 June 2014
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−	[[David Coplan]]~~, Opland, [[Peter Larlham]], [[Russel Kashula]], (1993), [[Loren Kruger]],~~ (~~1999~~), ~~Dhliwayo (2007))(See Loren Kruger, 1999; Russel Kashula, (1993.), [[Lupenga Mphande]] (2004)~~	+	[[David Coplan]] (198*),

−	~~== Sources ==~~	+	Opland, (198*)
		+
		+	[[Peter Larlham]] (198*),
		+
		+	[[Russel Kashula]], (1993),
		+
		+	[[Loren Kruger]], (1999),
		+
		+	[[Lupenga Mphande]] (2004)
		+
		+	Dhliwayo (2007)

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 [[David Coplan]], Opland, [[Peter Larlham]], [[Russel Kashula]], (1993),  [[Loren Kruger]], (1999), Dhliwayo (2007))(See Loren Kruger, 1999;  Russel Kashula, (1993.), [[Lupenga Mphande]] (2004)
 == Return to ==
-Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
+Return to [[The ESAT Entries]]
 Return to [[Main Page]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:40, 17 June 2014
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−	[[David Coplan]], Opland, [[Peter Larlham]], Kashula, (1993), [[Loren Kruger]], (1999), Dhliwayo (2007))(See Loren Kruger, 1999; Russel Kashula, 1993.)	+	[[David Coplan]], Opland, [[Peter Larlham]], [[Russel Kashula]], (1993), [[Loren Kruger]], (1999), Dhliwayo (2007))(See Loren Kruger, 1999; Russel Kashula, (1993.), [[Lupenga Mphande]] (2004)
−
−	~~Mphande~~, Lupenga, (2004)~~[Cambridge Histories Online. Cambridge University Press. 07 September 2010 DOI:10.1017/CHOL9780521832755.006]~~

	== Return to ==		== Return to ==

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 [[David Coplan]], Opland, [[Peter Larlham]], Kashula, (1993),  [[Loren Kruger]], (1999), Dhliwayo (2007))(See Loren Kruger, 1999;  Russel Kashula, 1993.)
+Mphande, Lupenga, (2004)[Cambridge Histories Online. Cambridge University Press. 07 September 2010 DOI:10.1017/CHOL9780521832755.006]
 == Return to ==

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 == Izibongo ==
-The Xhosa name for the traditional '''[[Praise poetry|praise songs]]''' (or '''[[Praise poetry|praise poetry]]''') performed /sung by the '''imbongi''' (praise poet, plural: '''izimbongi''') of a particular clan or leader. The poem is broken up into short phrases which may be uttered in a single breath. There is a marked emphasis of the penultimate syllable of each word, with a pause giving added emphasis to the penultimate syllable of each line. There is often elision of final vowels. This gives these poems a stately rythm and dramatic power. Dramatic and forceful imagery, with allusions to people and events in the past are important characteristics of the form. Puns are not infrequent. The language is often intensely idiomatic and therefore very difficult to translate. In 1994 Zolani Mkhiva was formally inaugurated as South Africa’s imbongi yeSizwe [‘people’s poet”], a title previously and informally claimed by the controversial “people’s poet” and singer [[Mzwakhe Mbuli]], and delivered an izibongo to the new state and another to the new President, [[Nelson Mandela]].
+The Xhosa name for the traditional '''[[Praise poetry|praise songs]]''' (or '''[[Praise poetry|praise poetry]]''') performed /sung by the '''imbongi''' (praise poet, plural: '''izimbongi''') of a particular clan or leader. The poem is broken up into short phrases which may be uttered in a single breath. There is a marked emphasis of the penultimate syllable of each word, with a pause giving added emphasis to the penultimate syllable of each line. There is often elision of final vowels. This gives these poems a stately rythm and dramatic power. Dramatic and forceful imagery, with allusions to people and events in the past are important characteristics of the form. Puns are not infrequent. The language is often intensely idiomatic and therefore very difficult to translate. In 1994 [[Zolani Mkhiva]] was formally inaugurated as South Africa’s imbongi yeSizwe [‘people’s poet”], a title previously and informally claimed by the controversial “people’s poet” and singer [[Mzwakhe Mbuli]], and delivered an izibongo to the new state and another to the new President, [[Nelson Mandela]].
 See also the Sotho ''[[Lithoko]]'' or ''Sefela'', the Zulu ***

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:23, 17 June 2014
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−	(Referred to in English ~~variously~~ as a [[Praise Poet]] or [[Praise singer]]).	+	(Referred to in English as a [[Praise Poet]] or a [[Praise singer]]).

	== Imbongi ==		== Imbongi ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:20, 17 June 2014
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		+
		+	= TO BE EXPANDED AND EDITED =
		+
		+
	(Referred to in English variously as a [[Praise Poet]] or [[Praise singer]]).		(Referred to in English variously as a [[Praise Poet]] or [[Praise singer]]).

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 == Imbongi ==
-The Xhosa  ''Imbongi'' is an official attached to the court of a Chief whose profession it is to record the praise-names, victories and laudable characteristics of the Chief. These praises, called '''Izibongo''', were recited in a high pitched voice and vigorous performance at public occasions. Their attire often includes animal skins, a head-dress of animal bladders or beads, a long sharp stick and shield may be carried as accessories. In contemporary society many imbongi have aligned themselves with political parties or trade unions where they comment on the proposed action, policies of the organisations. Examples are Sitholi, A.T. Qabula.  Keywords: Praise poet, political commentary.  (See Coplan, Opland, Larlham, Kashula, 1993, et al.) (Referred to in English as [[Praise Poetry]],  [[Praise Poets]], [[Praise singing]], or [[Praise singer]].  Imbongi. (Also [[izimbongi]], see izi- below) [+ + + Xhosa for a praise-singer. ???***
+The Xhosa  ''Imbongi'' is an official attached to the court of a Chief whose profession it is to record the praise-names, victories and laudable characteristics of the Chief. These praises, called '''Izibongo''', were recited in a high pitched voice and vigorous performance at public occasions. Their attire often includes animal skins, a head-dress of animal bladders or beads, a long sharp stick and shield may be carried as accessories. In contemporary society many imbongi have aligned themselves with political parties or trade unions where they comment on the proposed action, policies of the organisations. Examples are Sitholi, A.T. Qabula.  Keywords: Praise poet, political commentary.  (See Coplan, Opland, Larlham, Kashula, 1993, et al.)  Imbongi. (Also [[izimbongi]], see izi- below) [+ + + Xhosa for a praise-singer. ???***
 The Imbongi is an official attached to the court of a Chief whose profession it is to record the praise-names, victories and laudable characteristics of the Chief. The praises, known as [[Izibongo]] (=  "praise poems") were recited in a high pitched voice and vigorous performance at public occasions. (See also '''Izibongo'''.)
 == Sources ==
-[[David Coplan]], Opland, [[Peter Larlham]], Kashula, (1993),  Dhliwayo (2007))
+[[David Coplan]], Opland, [[Peter Larlham]], Kashula, (1993),  [[Loren Kruger]], (1999), Dhliwayo (2007))(See Loren Kruger, 1999;  Russel Kashula, 1993.)
-== Izibongelo ==
+== Return to ==
 Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Themes|South African Theatre Terminology and Thematic Entries]]
 Return to [[Main Page]]