<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
	<id>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Ernest_G._Palmer</id>
	<title>Ernest G. Palmer - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Ernest_G._Palmer"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-08-09T21:25:35Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.33.2</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=120723&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Satj at 17:03, 10 January 2017</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=120723&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-01-10T17:03:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:03, 10 January 2017&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[Ernest G. Palmer]] &lt;/ins&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;was an American cinematographer&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978)&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;. Cinematographer&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biography ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biography ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Satj</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=120691&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Fogterop at 19:44, 8 January 2017</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=120691&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-01-08T19:44:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:44, 8 January 2017&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot; &gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curiously, there is an early photograph of him issued by John Stahl Productions in which he is identified as Ernest S. Palmer, which is also the name he is given in the 1922-23 Film Daily Yearbook of Motion Pictures as a member of the A.S.C.  Also, he is frequently confused with the British cinematographer Ernest Palmer (1901-1964) and some published filmographies include the works of both. (FO)  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curiously, there is an early photograph of him issued by John Stahl Productions in which he is identified as Ernest S. Palmer, which is also the name he is given in the 1922-23 Film Daily Yearbook of Motion Pictures as a member of the A.S.C.  Also, he is frequently confused with the British cinematographer Ernest Palmer (1901-1964) and some published filmographies include the works of both. (FO)  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sources ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sources ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Fogterop</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=120690&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Fogterop at 19:41, 8 January 2017</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=120690&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-01-08T19:41:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:41, 8 January 2017&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978). &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; Prolific American cinematographer who worked with many Hollywood filmmakers and shot a number of the early films of directors such as John M. Stahl, Frank Borzage and Frank Lloyd.  He also was active in Great Britain, working with the likes of Michael Powell and Thorold Dickinson.  In 1942 he and Ray Rennahan shared an Academy Award for the cinematography of Rouben Mamoulian’s ''Blood and Sand'' and he was nominated for three other films, including Anthony Mann’s ''Broken Arrow'' (1950).  Not all his films were major productions and towards the end of his career his work became less interesting.  The 116 titles listed by IMDb were all shot after 1918, though, according to an issue of the New York Clipper, he was already a partner in the Monarch Feature Film Co., based in Albany as early as December 1912.  In fact, even earlier than that, in 1909, he had accompanied [[Henry Howse]] on a film expedition to China for the China Inland Mission&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978). &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Cinematographer&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;In addition, while in Great Britain,  he had already worked on Herbert Brenon’s ''Ivanhoe'' (1913), as well as on George Loane Tucker’s ''The Prisoner of Zenda'' (1915) and possibly its sequel, ''Rupert of Hentzau'' (1915).  Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled ''Fighting the German Raiders'' (1916), as well  the propaganda short ''Everybody’s Business'' (1917).  The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which probably means that he may have shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s ''Hearts of the World''.  He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;== Biography ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When he came to South Africa to shoot [[The Rose of Rhodesia]] (1918) and possibly [[Thoroughbreds All]] (1918) for [[Harold M. Shaw]], it was reported that Palmer had “photographed all the principal pictures that Mr. Shaw has made, both in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;American &lt;/del&gt;and England”. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;Though this is difficult to verify, it seems that he definitely shot Shaw’s ''England’s Menace'' (1914). &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;Like Shaw, he had worked for the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America and like him, later joined the London Film Company. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;There is certainly no evidence that Palmer had been approached by [[African Film Productions]], so it is very likely that he came to South Africa at Shaw’s invitation. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;He left South Africa in December 1917, before the films had been edited, to return to the United States after an absence of several years. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;  Upon his arrival there it &lt;/del&gt;was &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;stated &lt;/del&gt;that he &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;was representing [[Harold Shaw &lt;/del&gt;Film &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Productions]]&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ernest George Palmer was a prolific American cinematographer who worked with many major Hollywood filmmakers and shot several of the early films of directors such as John M. Stahl, Frank Borzage and Frank Lloyd.  In 1942 he and Ray Rennahan shared an Academy Award for the cinematography of Rouben Mamoulian’s ''Blood and Sand'' and he was nominated for three other films, including Anthony Mann’s ''Broken Arrow'' (1950). Not all his films were major productions and towards the end of his career his work became less interesting. All the titles listed by IMDb were shot after 1918, though according to an issue of the New York Clipper, he was already a partner in the Monarch Feature Film Co., based in Albany, as early as December 1912. In fact, even earlier than that, in 1909, he had accompanied [[Henry Howse]] on a film expedition to China for the China Inland Mission, though for the 1910 Census he was registered as a machinist at the railway yards in Topeka, Kansas, where his father was a carpenter.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Not long afterwards he went to Great Britain, where he is known to have worked on Herbert Brenon’s ''Ivanhoe'' (1913), George Loane Tucker’s ''The Prisoner of Zenda'' (1915) and possibly the latter’s sequel, ''Rupert of Hentzau'' (1915). Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled ''Fighting the German Raiders'' (1916), as well the propaganda short ''Everybody’s Business'' (1917). The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which probably means that he may have shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s ''Hearts of the World'' (1918). He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When he came to South Africa to shoot &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''&lt;/ins&gt;[[The Rose of Rhodesia]]&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;'' &lt;/ins&gt;(1918) and possibly &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''&lt;/ins&gt;[[Thoroughbreds All]]&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;'' &lt;/ins&gt;(1918) for [[Harold M. Shaw]], it was reported that Palmer had “photographed all the principal pictures that Mr. Shaw has made, both in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;America &lt;/ins&gt;and England”. Though this is difficult to verify, it seems that he definitely shot Shaw’s ''England’s Menace'' (1914). Like Shaw, he had worked for the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America and&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;like him, later joined the London Film Company. There is certainly no evidence that Palmer had been approached by [[African Film Productions]], so it is very likely that he came to South Africa at Shaw’s invitation &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and, possibly, at the behest of [[Henry Howse]], to whom he was related&lt;/ins&gt;. He left South Africa in December 1917, before the films had been edited, to return to the United States after an absence of several years. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;By September 1918 he &lt;/ins&gt;was &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;with Anita Stewart Productions at the Vitagraph Studios in New York and after &lt;/ins&gt;that he &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;settled in Hollywood.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;== Note ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Curiously, there is an early photograph of him issued by John Stahl Productions in which he is identified as Ernest S. Palmer, which is also the name he is given in the 1922-23 &lt;/ins&gt;Film &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Daily Yearbook of Motion Pictures as a member of the A.S.C.  Also, he is frequently confused with the British cinematographer Ernest Palmer (1901-1964) and some published filmographies include the works of both&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;(FO) &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(Curiously, there is an early photograph of him issued by John Stahl Productions  in which he is identified as Ernest S. Palmer, which is also the name he is given in the 1922-23 Film Daily Yearbook of Motion Pictures as a member of the A.S.C.) (FO)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sources ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sources ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Fogterop</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=47042&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Fogterop at 07:06, 2 November 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=47042&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-11-02T07:06:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 07:06, 2 November 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l2&quot; &gt;Line 2:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 2:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978).  Prolific American cinematographer who worked with many Hollywood filmmakers and shot a number of the early films of directors such as John M. Stahl, Frank Borzage and Frank Lloyd.  He also was active in Great Britain, working with the likes of Michael Powell and Thorold Dickinson.  In 1942 he and Ray Rennahan shared an Academy Award for the cinematography of Rouben Mamoulian’s ''Blood and Sand'' and he was nominated for three other films, including Anthony Mann’s ''Broken Arrow'' (1950).  Not all his films were major productions and towards the end of his career his work became less interesting.  The 116 titles listed by IMDb were all shot after 1918, though, according to an issue of the New York Clipper, he was already a partner in the Monarch Feature Film Co., based in Albany as early as December 1912.  In fact, even earlier than that, in 1909, he had accompanied [[Henry Howse]] on a film expedition to China for the China Inland Mission.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978).  Prolific American cinematographer who worked with many Hollywood filmmakers and shot a number of the early films of directors such as John M. Stahl, Frank Borzage and Frank Lloyd.  He also was active in Great Britain, working with the likes of Michael Powell and Thorold Dickinson.  In 1942 he and Ray Rennahan shared an Academy Award for the cinematography of Rouben Mamoulian’s ''Blood and Sand'' and he was nominated for three other films, including Anthony Mann’s ''Broken Arrow'' (1950).  Not all his films were major productions and towards the end of his career his work became less interesting.  The 116 titles listed by IMDb were all shot after 1918, though, according to an issue of the New York Clipper, he was already a partner in the Monarch Feature Film Co., based in Albany as early as December 1912.  In fact, even earlier than that, in 1909, he had accompanied [[Henry Howse]] on a film expedition to China for the China Inland Mission.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition, while in Great Britain,  he had already worked on Herbert Brenon’s ''Ivanhoe'' (1913), as well as on George Loane Tucker’s ''The Prisoner of Zenda'' (1915) and possibly its sequel, ''Rupert of Hentzau'' (1915).  Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled ''Fighting the German Raiders'' (1916), as well  the propaganda short ''Everybody’s Business'' (1917).  The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, if true, &lt;/del&gt;probably means that he shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s ''Hearts of the World''.  He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition, while in Great Britain,  he had already worked on Herbert Brenon’s ''Ivanhoe'' (1913), as well as on George Loane Tucker’s ''The Prisoner of Zenda'' (1915) and possibly its sequel, ''Rupert of Hentzau'' (1915).  Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled ''Fighting the German Raiders'' (1916), as well  the propaganda short ''Everybody’s Business'' (1917).  The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which probably means that he &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;may have &lt;/ins&gt;shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s ''Hearts of the World''.  He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When he came to South Africa to shoot [[The Rose of Rhodesia]] (1918) and possibly [[Thoroughbreds All]] (1918) for [[Harold M. Shaw]], it was reported that Palmer had “photographed all the principal pictures that Mr. Shaw has made, both in American and England”.  Though this is difficult to verify, it seems that he definitely shot Shaw’s ''England’s Menace'' (1914).  Like Shaw, he had worked for the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America and like him, later joined the London Film Company.  There is certainly no evidence that Palmer had been approached by [[African Film Productions]], so it is very likely that he came to South Africa at Shaw’s invitation.  He left South Africa in December 1917, before the films had been edited, to return to the United States after an absence of several years.   Upon his arrival there it was stated that he was representing [[Harold Shaw Film Productions]].  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When he came to South Africa to shoot [[The Rose of Rhodesia]] (1918) and possibly [[Thoroughbreds All]] (1918) for [[Harold M. Shaw]], it was reported that Palmer had “photographed all the principal pictures that Mr. Shaw has made, both in American and England”.  Though this is difficult to verify, it seems that he definitely shot Shaw’s ''England’s Menace'' (1914).  Like Shaw, he had worked for the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America and like him, later joined the London Film Company.  There is certainly no evidence that Palmer had been approached by [[African Film Productions]], so it is very likely that he came to South Africa at Shaw’s invitation.  He left South Africa in December 1917, before the films had been edited, to return to the United States after an absence of several years.   Upon his arrival there it was stated that he was representing [[Harold Shaw Film Productions]].  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Fogterop</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=47041&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Fogterop at 07:03, 2 November 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=47041&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-11-02T07:03:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 07:03, 2 November 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978).  Prolific American cinematographer who worked with many Hollywood filmmakers and shot a number of the early films of directors such as John M. Stahl, Frank Borzage and Frank Lloyd.  He also was active in Great Britain, working with the likes of Michael Powell and Thorold Dickinson.  In 1942 he and Ray Rennahan shared an Academy Award for the cinematography of Rouben Mamoulian’s ''Blood and Sand'' and he was nominated for three other films, including Anthony Mann’s ''Broken Arrow'' (1950).  Not all his films were major productions and towards the end of his career his work became less interesting.  The 116 titles listed by IMDb were all shot after 1918, though, according to an issue of the New York Clipper, he was already a partner in the Monarch Feature Film Co., based in Albany as early as December 1912.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978).  Prolific American cinematographer who worked with many Hollywood filmmakers and shot a number of the early films of directors such as John M. Stahl, Frank Borzage and Frank Lloyd.  He also was active in Great Britain, working with the likes of Michael Powell and Thorold Dickinson.  In 1942 he and Ray Rennahan shared an Academy Award for the cinematography of Rouben Mamoulian’s ''Blood and Sand'' and he was nominated for three other films, including Anthony Mann’s ''Broken Arrow'' (1950).  Not all his films were major productions and towards the end of his career his work became less interesting.  The 116 titles listed by IMDb were all shot after 1918, though, according to an issue of the New York Clipper, he was already a partner in the Monarch Feature Film Co., based in Albany as early as December 1912&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.  In fact, even earlier than that, in 1909, he had accompanied [[Henry Howse]] on a film expedition to China for the China Inland Mission&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition, while in Great Britain,  he had already worked on Herbert Brenon’s ''Ivanhoe'' (1913), as well as on George Loane Tucker’s ''The Prisoner of Zenda'' (1915) and possibly its sequel, ''Rupert of Hentzau'' (1915).  Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled ''Fighting the German Raiders'' (1916), as well  the propaganda short ''Everybody’s Business'' (1917).  The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which, if true, probably means that he shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s ''Hearts of the World''.  He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition, while in Great Britain,  he had already worked on Herbert Brenon’s ''Ivanhoe'' (1913), as well as on George Loane Tucker’s ''The Prisoner of Zenda'' (1915) and possibly its sequel, ''Rupert of Hentzau'' (1915).  Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled ''Fighting the German Raiders'' (1916), as well  the propaganda short ''Everybody’s Business'' (1917).  The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which, if true, probably means that he shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s ''Hearts of the World''.  He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l15&quot; &gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Moving Picture World, 10 August 1918&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Moving Picture World, 10 August 1918&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Brownlow, Kevin - The war, the West and the wilderness&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Low, Rachel - The History of British Film 1906-1914&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Low, Rachel - The History of British Film 1906-1914&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Fogterop</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=44033&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Fogterop at 12:45, 26 August 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=44033&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-08-26T12:45:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:45, 26 August 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l15&quot; &gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Moving Picture World, 10 August 1918&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Moving Picture World, 10 August 1918&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Low, Rachel - The History of British Film 1906-1914&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Low, Rachel - The History of British Film 1914-1918&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0005823/?ref_=fn_nm_nm_1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0005823/?ref_=fn_nm_nm_1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Fogterop</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=44032&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Fogterop at 12:16, 26 August 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=44032&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-08-26T12:16:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:16, 26 August 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l10&quot; &gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sources ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sources ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The Cape Times, 13 December 1917&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The Moving Picture World, 9 March 1918&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The Moving Picture World, 10 August 1918&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0005823/?ref_=fn_nm_nm_1&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Return to ==	&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Return to ==	&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Fogterop</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=44031&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Fogterop at 12:13, 26 August 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=44031&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-08-26T12:13:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:13, 26 August 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l4&quot; &gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition, while in Great Britain,  he had already worked on Herbert Brenon’s ''Ivanhoe'' (1913), as well as on George Loane Tucker’s ''The Prisoner of Zenda'' (1915) and possibly its sequel, ''Rupert of Hentzau'' (1915).  Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled ''Fighting the German Raiders'' (1916), as well  the propaganda short ''Everybody’s Business'' (1917).  The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which, if true, probably means that he shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s ''Hearts of the World''.  He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition, while in Great Britain,  he had already worked on Herbert Brenon’s ''Ivanhoe'' (1913), as well as on George Loane Tucker’s ''The Prisoner of Zenda'' (1915) and possibly its sequel, ''Rupert of Hentzau'' (1915).  Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled ''Fighting the German Raiders'' (1916), as well  the propaganda short ''Everybody’s Business'' (1917).  The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which, if true, probably means that he shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s ''Hearts of the World''.  He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When he came to South Africa to shoot &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''&lt;/del&gt;The Rose of Rhodesia&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;'' &lt;/del&gt;(1918) and possibly [[Thoroughbreds All]] (1918) for [[Harold M. Shaw]], it was reported that Palmer had “photographed all the principal pictures that Mr. Shaw has made, both in American and England”.  Though this is difficult to verify, it seems that he definitely shot Shaw’s ''England’s Menace'' (1914).  Like Shaw, he had worked for the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America and like him, later joined the London Film Company.  There is certainly no evidence that Palmer had been approached by [[African Film Productions]], so it is very likely that he came to South Africa at Shaw’s invitation.  He left South Africa in December 1917, before the films had been edited, to return to the United States after an absence of several years.   Upon his arrival there it was stated that he was representing [[Harold Shaw Film Productions]].  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When he came to South Africa to shoot &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;The Rose of Rhodesia&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;(1918) and possibly [[Thoroughbreds All]] (1918) for [[Harold M. Shaw]], it was reported that Palmer had “photographed all the principal pictures that Mr. Shaw has made, both in American and England”.  Though this is difficult to verify, it seems that he definitely shot Shaw’s ''England’s Menace'' (1914).  Like Shaw, he had worked for the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America and like him, later joined the London Film Company.  There is certainly no evidence that Palmer had been approached by [[African Film Productions]], so it is very likely that he came to South Africa at Shaw’s invitation.  He left South Africa in December 1917, before the films had been edited, to return to the United States after an absence of several years.   Upon his arrival there it was stated that he was representing [[Harold Shaw Film Productions]].  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(Curiously, there is an early photograph of him issued by John Stahl Productions  in which he is identified as Ernest S. Palmer, which is also the name he is given in the 1922-23 Film Daily Yearbook of Motion Pictures as a member of the A.S.C.) (FO)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(Curiously, there is an early photograph of him issued by John Stahl Productions  in which he is identified as Ernest S. Palmer, which is also the name he is given in the 1922-23 Film Daily Yearbook of Motion Pictures as a member of the A.S.C.) (FO)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Fogterop</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=44030&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Fogterop at 12:12, 26 August 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=44030&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-08-26T12:12:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:12, 26 August 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l2&quot; &gt;Line 2:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 2:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978).  Prolific American cinematographer who worked with many Hollywood filmmakers and shot a number of the early films of directors such as John M. Stahl, Frank Borzage and Frank Lloyd.  He also was active in Great Britain, working with the likes of Michael Powell and Thorold Dickinson.  In 1942 he and Ray Rennahan shared an Academy Award for the cinematography of Rouben Mamoulian’s ''Blood and Sand'' and he was nominated for three other films, including Anthony Mann’s ''Broken Arrow'' (1950).  Not all his films were major productions and towards the end of his career his work became less interesting.  The 116 titles listed by IMDb were all shot after 1918, though, according to an issue of the New York Clipper, he was already a partner in the Monarch Feature Film Co., based in Albany as early as December 1912.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978).  Prolific American cinematographer who worked with many Hollywood filmmakers and shot a number of the early films of directors such as John M. Stahl, Frank Borzage and Frank Lloyd.  He also was active in Great Britain, working with the likes of Michael Powell and Thorold Dickinson.  In 1942 he and Ray Rennahan shared an Academy Award for the cinematography of Rouben Mamoulian’s ''Blood and Sand'' and he was nominated for three other films, including Anthony Mann’s ''Broken Arrow'' (1950).  Not all his films were major productions and towards the end of his career his work became less interesting.  The 116 titles listed by IMDb were all shot after 1918, though, according to an issue of the New York Clipper, he was already a partner in the Monarch Feature Film Co., based in Albany as early as December 1912.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition, while in Great Britain,  he had already worked on Herbert Brenon’s ''Ivanhoe'' (1913), as well as on George Loane Tucker’s ''The Prisoner of Zenda'' (1915) and possibly its sequel, ''Rupert of Hentzau'' (1915).  Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled ''Fighting the German Raiders'' (1916), as well  the propaganda short ''Everybody’s Business'' (1917).  The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which, if true, probably means that he shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;Hearts of the World&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/del&gt;.  He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition, while in Great Britain,  he had already worked on Herbert Brenon’s ''Ivanhoe'' (1913), as well as on George Loane Tucker’s ''The Prisoner of Zenda'' (1915) and possibly its sequel, ''Rupert of Hentzau'' (1915).  Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled ''Fighting the German Raiders'' (1916), as well  the propaganda short ''Everybody’s Business'' (1917).  The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which, if true, probably means that he shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''&lt;/ins&gt;Hearts of the World&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''&lt;/ins&gt;.  He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When he came to South Africa to shoot ''The Rose of Rhodesia'' (1918) and possibly [[Thoroughbreds All]] (1918) for [[Harold M. Shaw]], it was reported that Palmer had “photographed all the principal pictures that Mr. Shaw has made, both in American and England”.  Though this is difficult to verify, it seems that he definitely shot Shaw’s ''England’s Menace'' (1914).  Like Shaw, he had worked for the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America and like him, later joined the London Film Company.  There is certainly no evidence that Palmer had been approached by [[African Film Productions]], so it is very likely that he came to South Africa at Shaw’s invitation.  He left South Africa in December 1917, before the films had been edited, to return to the United States after an absence of several years.   Upon his arrival there it was stated that he was representing [[Harold Shaw Film Productions]].  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When he came to South Africa to shoot ''The Rose of Rhodesia'' (1918) and possibly [[Thoroughbreds All]] (1918) for [[Harold M. Shaw]], it was reported that Palmer had “photographed all the principal pictures that Mr. Shaw has made, both in American and England”.  Though this is difficult to verify, it seems that he definitely shot Shaw’s ''England’s Menace'' (1914).  Like Shaw, he had worked for the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America and like him, later joined the London Film Company.  There is certainly no evidence that Palmer had been approached by [[African Film Productions]], so it is very likely that he came to South Africa at Shaw’s invitation.  He left South Africa in December 1917, before the films had been edited, to return to the United States after an absence of several years.   Upon his arrival there it was stated that he was representing [[Harold Shaw Film Productions]].  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Fogterop</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=44029&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Fogterop at 12:11, 26 August 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=Ernest_G._Palmer&amp;diff=44029&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-08-26T12:11:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:11, 26 August 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978).  Prolific American cinematographer who worked with many Hollywood filmmakers and shot a number of the early films of directors such as John M. Stahl, Frank Borzage and Frank Lloyd.  He also was active in Great Britain, working with the likes of Michael Powell and Thorold Dickinson.  In 1942 he and Ray Rennahan shared an Academy Award for the cinematography of Rouben Mamoulian’s &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;“Blood &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Sand” &lt;/del&gt;and he was nominated for three other films, including Anthony Mann’s &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;“Broken Arrow” &lt;/del&gt;(1950).  Not all his films were major productions and towards the end of his career his work became less interesting.  The 116 titles listed by IMDb were all shot after 1918 though, according to an issue of the New York Clipper, he was already a partner in the Monarch Feature Film Co., based in Albany as early as December 1912.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(b. Kansas City, Missouri, 06/12/1885 – d. Pacific Palisades, California, 22/02/1978).  Prolific American cinematographer who worked with many Hollywood filmmakers and shot a number of the early films of directors such as John M. Stahl, Frank Borzage and Frank Lloyd.  He also was active in Great Britain, working with the likes of Michael Powell and Thorold Dickinson.  In 1942 he and Ray Rennahan shared an Academy Award for the cinematography of Rouben Mamoulian’s &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''Blood &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Sand'' &lt;/ins&gt;and he was nominated for three other films, including Anthony Mann’s &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''Broken Arrow'' &lt;/ins&gt;(1950).  Not all his films were major productions and towards the end of his career his work became less interesting.  The 116 titles listed by IMDb were all shot after 1918&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;though, according to an issue of the New York Clipper, he was already a partner in the Monarch Feature Film Co., based in Albany as early as December 1912.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition, while in Great Britain,  he had already worked on Herbert Brenon’s &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;“Ivanhoe” &lt;/del&gt;(1913), as well as on George Loane Tucker’s &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;“The prisoner &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Zenda” &lt;/del&gt;(1915) and &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;probably &lt;/del&gt;its sequel, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;“Rupert &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Hentzau” &lt;/del&gt;(1915).  Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;“Fighting &lt;/del&gt;the German &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Raiders” &lt;/del&gt;(1916), as well  the propaganda short &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;“Everybody’s business” &lt;/del&gt;(1917).  The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which, if true, probably means that he shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;“Hearts &lt;/del&gt;of the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;World”&lt;/del&gt;.  He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition, while in Great Britain,  he had already worked on Herbert Brenon’s &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''Ivanhoe'' &lt;/ins&gt;(1913), as well as on George Loane Tucker’s &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''The Prisoner &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Zenda'' &lt;/ins&gt;(1915) and &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;possibly &lt;/ins&gt;its sequel, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''Rupert &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Hentzau'' &lt;/ins&gt;(1915).  Also in England, he filmed a war-time documentary entitled &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''Fighting &lt;/ins&gt;the German &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Raiders'' &lt;/ins&gt;(1916), as well  the propaganda short &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''Everybody’s Business'' &lt;/ins&gt;(1917).  The Cape Times of 13 December 1917 reported that much of his war-time work was “done under the supervision of D.W. Griffith” which, if true, probably means that he shot some of the footage used in Griffith’s &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[Hearts &lt;/ins&gt;of the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;World]]&lt;/ins&gt;.  He retired in 1960 and was one of the founder members of the American Society of Cinematographers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When he came to South Africa to shoot &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;“The &lt;/del&gt;Rose of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Rhodesia” &lt;/del&gt;(1918) and &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;then “Thoroughbreds All” &lt;/del&gt;(1918) for Harold M. Shaw, it was reported that Palmer had “photographed all the principal pictures that Mr. Shaw has made, both in American and England”.  Though this is difficult to verify, it seems that he definitely shot Shaw’s &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;“England’s menace” &lt;/del&gt;(1914).  Like Shaw, he had worked for the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America and like him, later joined the London Film Company.  There is certainly no evidence that Palmer had been approached by African Film Productions, so it is very likely that he came to South Africa at Shaw’s invitation.  He left South Africa in December 1917, before the films had been edited, to return to the United States after an absence of several years.   Upon his arrival there it was stated that he was representing Harold Shaw &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Films &lt;/del&gt;Productions.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When he came to South Africa to shoot &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''The &lt;/ins&gt;Rose of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Rhodesia'' &lt;/ins&gt;(1918) and &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;possibly [[Thoroughbreds All]] &lt;/ins&gt;(1918) for &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Harold M. Shaw&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;, it was reported that Palmer had “photographed all the principal pictures that Mr. Shaw has made, both in American and England”.  Though this is difficult to verify, it seems that he definitely shot Shaw’s &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''England’s Menace'' &lt;/ins&gt;(1914).  Like Shaw, he had worked for the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America and like him, later joined the London Film Company.  There is certainly no evidence that Palmer had been approached by &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;African Film Productions&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;, so it is very likely that he came to South Africa at Shaw’s invitation.  He left South Africa in December 1917, before the films had been edited, to return to the United States after an absence of several years.   Upon his arrival there it was stated that he was representing &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Harold Shaw &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Film &lt;/ins&gt;Productions&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(Curiously, there is an early photograph of him issued by John Stahl Productions  in which he is identified as Ernest S. Palmer, which is also the name he is given in the 1922-23 Film Daily Yearbook of Motion Pictures as a member of the A.S.C.) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;F.O.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(Curiously, there is an early photograph of him issued by John Stahl Productions  in which he is identified as Ernest S. Palmer, which is also the name he is given in the 1922-23 Film Daily Yearbook of Motion Pictures as a member of the A.S.C.) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;(FO)&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;== Sources ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;== Return to ==	&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Return to [[ESAT Personalities P]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Return to [[South_African_Theatre/Personalities|South African Theatre Personalities]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Return to [[The ESAT Entries]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Return to [[Main Page]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Fogterop</name></author>
		
	</entry>
</feed>