Black - Revision history

Satj at 15:41, 4 October 2018

2018-10-04T15:41:35Z

Satj: /* South African usage */

2014-08-12T06:47:57Z

South African usage

Satj: /* South African usage */

2014-05-17T15:33:23Z

South African usage

Satj: /* Sources */

2014-05-17T15:30:19Z

Sources

Satj: /* See also */

2014-05-17T15:27:12Z

Satj: /* South African usage */

2014-05-17T15:25:45Z

South African usage

Satj: /* South African usage */

2014-05-17T15:21:00Z

South African usage

Satj at 15:20, 17 May 2014

2014-05-17T15:20:28Z

Satj at 15:11, 17 May 2014

2014-05-17T15:11:19Z

Satj: /* Black as a noun */

2014-05-17T15:10:48Z

Black as a noun

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 4 October 2018
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−	Other contentious terms of differentiation used over the centuries in Southern Africa, and appearing in the plays and literature, include: [[Bushman]], [[Hottentot]], [[Kaffir]], [[Bantu]], [[White]] / [[Non White]], [[European]] / [[Non European]],	+	Other contentious terms of differentiation used over the centuries in Southern Africa, and appearing in the plays and literature, include: [[Bushman]], [[Hottentot]], [[Kaffir]], [[Bantu]], [[White]] / [[Non-White]], [[European]] / [[Non-European]],

	== See also ==		== See also ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:47, 12 August 2014
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−	In South Africa with its enormous multi-cultural mix of ethnic and cultural communities, this is - and has always really been - a very contentious matter. By and large this encyclopaedia utilizes the American and African-American usage, which has been followed in South Africa from the middle of the 1970s till well after 1994, namely to use the adjective "black" in this context to refer to the conventions, attributes, activities and culture of anyone not considered "[[White]]" or "[[European]]" (i.e. classified as "[[Non-White\|non-white]]" or "[[Non-European\|non-European]]" in former years, for instance under British rule/[[Apartheid]] regime). It was thus a blanket term, referring to all people that used to be referred to as [[African]] (or more denigratingly, [[Kaffir]]) by the colonials, such as the [[Zulu]], [[Xhosa]], [[Sotho]], [[Tswana]], and so on. However it also included the more marginal groups, such as the so-called "[[Coloured\|Coloureds]]", the [[Indian\|Indians]] and all the other [[Asian]] peoples living in the country.	+	In South Africa with its enormous multi-cultural mix of ethnic and cultural communities, this is naturally - and has always really been - a very contentious matter. By and large this encyclopaedia utilizes the American and African-American usage, which has been followed in South Africa from the middle of the 1970s till well after 1994, namely to use the adjective "black" in this context to refer to the conventions, attributes, activities and culture of anyone not considered "[[White]]" or "[[European]]" (i.e. classified as "[[Non-White\|non-white]]" or "[[Non-European\|non-European]]" in former years, for instance under British rule/[[Apartheid]] regime). It was thus a blanket term, referring to all people that used to be referred to as [[African]] (or more denigratingly, [[Kaffir]]) by the colonials, such as the [[Zulu]], [[Xhosa]], [[Sotho]], [[Tswana]], and so on. However it also included the more marginal groups, such as the so-called "[[Coloured\|Coloureds]]", the [[Indian\|Indians]] and all the other [[Asian]] peoples living in the country.

	This usage has been challenged in a variety of ways of course, and actually derives from one of the overriding aims of the various anti-apartheid solidarity movements (most notably the [[Black People's Convention]] and the [[Black Consciousness\|Black Consciousness Movement]] which it espoused), namely to create solidarity among all the oppressed. In this light for example, Ian Steadman (in Hauptfleisch and Steadman, 1984) sees "[[Black Theatre\|Black theatre]]" as theatre with a specific point of view rather than a theatre defined by skin pigmentation.		This usage has been challenged in a variety of ways of course, and actually derives from one of the overriding aims of the various anti-apartheid solidarity movements (most notably the [[Black People's Convention]] and the [[Black Consciousness\|Black Consciousness Movement]] which it espoused), namely to create solidarity among all the oppressed. In this light for example, Ian Steadman (in Hauptfleisch and Steadman, 1984) sees "[[Black Theatre\|Black theatre]]" as theatre with a specific point of view rather than a theatre defined by skin pigmentation.

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-In South Africa with its enormous multi-cultural mix of ethnic and cultural communities, this is - and has always really been - a very contentious matter. By and large this encyclopaedia utilizes the American usage,  which has been followed in South Africa from the middle of the 1970s till well after 1994, namely to use the adjective "black" in this context to refer to the conventions, attributes, activities and culture of anyone not considered "[[White]]" or "[[European]]" (i.e. classified as "[[Non-White|non-white]]" or "[[Non-European|non-European]]" in former years, for instance under British rule/[[Apartheid]] regime). It was thus a blanket term, referring to all people that used to be referred to as [[African]] (or more denigratingly, [[Kaffir]]) by the colonials,  such as the [[Zulu]], [[Xhosa]], [[Sotho]], [[Tswana]],  and so on. However it also included the more marginal groups, such as the so-called "[[Coloured|Coloureds]]", the [[Indian|Indians]] and all the other [[Asian]] peoples living in the country.
+In South Africa with its enormous multi-cultural mix of ethnic and cultural communities, this is - and has always really been - a very contentious matter. By and large this encyclopaedia utilizes the American and African-American  usage,  which has been followed in South Africa from the middle of the 1970s till well after 1994, namely to use the adjective "black" in this context to refer to the conventions, attributes, activities and culture of anyone not considered "[[White]]" or "[[European]]" (i.e. classified as "[[Non-White|non-white]]" or "[[Non-European|non-European]]" in former years, for instance under British rule/[[Apartheid]] regime). It was thus a blanket term, referring to all people that used to be referred to as [[African]] (or more denigratingly, [[Kaffir]]) by the colonials,  such as the [[Zulu]], [[Xhosa]], [[Sotho]], [[Tswana]],  and so on. However it also included the more marginal groups, such as the so-called "[[Coloured|Coloureds]]", the [[Indian|Indians]] and all the other [[Asian]] peoples living in the country.
 This usage has been challenged in a variety of ways of course, and actually derives from one of the overriding aims of the various anti-apartheid solidarity movements (most notably the [[Black People's Convention]] and the [[Black Consciousness|Black Consciousness Movement]] which it espoused), namely to create solidarity among all the oppressed. In this light for example, Ian Steadman (in Hauptfleisch and Steadman, 1984) sees "[[Black Theatre|Black theatre]]" as theatre with a specific point of view rather than a theatre defined by skin pigmentation.
-Today there are other schools of thought however, that prefer to reserve "black" for people of pure [[African]] descent alone, and this is increasingly noticeable as we move past the 1990 shift in power - and indeed this is the way the new the ANC led government uses it, having kept the old [[Apartheid]] categorizations alive after 1994 (ostensibly for purposes of redress and equity).
+Today there are other schools of thought however, that prefer to reserve "black" for only those people of pure [[African]] or [[Bantu]]  descent alone, and this is increasingly noticeable as we move past the 1990 shift in power - and indeed this is the way the new the ANC led government uses it, having kept the old [[Apartheid]] categorizations alive after 1994 (ostensibly for purposes of redress and equity).
-Other contentious terms of differentiation used over the centuries in Southern Africa, and appearing in the plays and literature, include: [[Bushman]], [[Hottentot]], [[Kaffir]], [[Bantu]], [[Non White|Non European]] , [[Non White]],
+Other contentious terms of differentiation used over the centuries in Southern Africa, and appearing in the plays and literature, include: [[Bushman]], [[Hottentot]], [[Kaffir]], [[Bantu]], [[White]] / [[Non White]], [[European]] / [[Non European]],
 == See also ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:30, 17 May 2014
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	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

		+	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_people

	Macmillan Dictionary (online)[http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/black]		Macmillan Dictionary (online)[http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/black]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:27, 17 May 2014
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		+	== Sources ==


		+	Macmillan Dictionary (online)[http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/black]

	== Return to ==		== Return to ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:25, 17 May 2014
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−	In South Africa with its enormous multi-cultural mix of ethnic and cultural communities, this is - and has always really been - a very contentious matter. By and large this encyclopaedia utilizes the American usage, which has been followed in South Africa from the middle of the 1970s till well after 1994, namely to use the adjective "black" in this context to refer to the conventions, attributes, activities and culture of anyone classified as "[[Non-White\|non-white]]" or "[[Non-European\|non-European]]" in former years ~~(i.e.~~ under British rule/[[Apartheid]] regime). ~~This implies that the term is~~ a blanket term referring to all people that used to be referred to as [[African]] ~~(i.e.~~ [[Zulu]], [[Xhosa]], [[Sotho]], [[Tswana]], ~~etc~~.), the so-called "[[Coloured\|Coloureds]]", the [[Indian\|Indians]] and all the other [[Asian]] peoples in the country.	+	In South Africa with its enormous multi-cultural mix of ethnic and cultural communities, this is - and has always really been - a very contentious matter. By and large this encyclopaedia utilizes the American usage, which has been followed in South Africa from the middle of the 1970s till well after 1994, namely to use the adjective "black" in this context to refer to the conventions, attributes, activities and culture of anyone not considered "[[White]]" or "[[European]]" (i.e. classified as "[[Non-White\|non-white]]" or "[[Non-European\|non-European]]" in former years, for instance under British rule/[[Apartheid]] regime). It was thus a blanket term, referring to all people that used to be referred to as [[African]] (or more denigratingly, [[Kaffir]]) by the colonials, such as the [[Zulu]], [[Xhosa]], [[Sotho]], [[Tswana]], and so on. However it also included the more marginal groups, such as the so-called "[[Coloured\|Coloureds]]", the [[Indian\|Indians]] and all the other [[Asian]] peoples living in the country.

	This usage has been challenged in a variety of ways of course, and actually derives from one of the overriding aims of the various anti-apartheid solidarity movements (most notably the [[Black People's Convention]] and the [[Black Consciousness\|Black Consciousness Movement]] which it espoused), namely to create solidarity among all the oppressed. In this light for example, Ian Steadman (in Hauptfleisch and Steadman, 1984) sees "[[Black Theatre\|Black theatre]]" as theatre with a specific point of view rather than a theatre defined by skin pigmentation.		This usage has been challenged in a variety of ways of course, and actually derives from one of the overriding aims of the various anti-apartheid solidarity movements (most notably the [[Black People's Convention]] and the [[Black Consciousness\|Black Consciousness Movement]] which it espoused), namely to create solidarity among all the oppressed. In this light for example, Ian Steadman (in Hauptfleisch and Steadman, 1984) sees "[[Black Theatre\|Black theatre]]" as theatre with a specific point of view rather than a theatre defined by skin pigmentation.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:20, 17 May 2014
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	== '''Black''' as an adjective ==		== '''Black''' as an adjective ==

−	'''Black''' (as in "[[Black Culture\|Black culture]]", "[[Black Theatre\|Black theatre]]", "Black South Africans" and so on): A contentious matter. By and large this encyclopaedia utilizes the American usage, which has been followed in South Africa from the middle of the 1970s till after 1994, namely to use the adjective "black" in this context to refer to the conventions, attributes, activities and culture of anyone classified as "non-white" or "non-European" in former years (i.e. under British rule/Apartheid regime). This implies that the term is a blanket term referring to all people that used to be referred to as [[African]] (i.e. [[Zulu]], [[Xhosa]], [[Sotho]], [[Tswana]], etc.), the so-called "[[Coloured\|Coloureds]]", the [[Indian\|Indians]] and all the other [[Asian]] peoples in the country.

−	This usage has been challenged in a variety of ways of course, and actually derives from one of the overriding aims of the various anti-apartheid solidarity movements (most notably the [[Black People's Convention]] and the [[Black Consciousness\|Black Consciousness Movement]] which it espoused), namely to create solidarity among all the oppressed. In this light for example, Ian Steadman (in Hauptfleisch and Steadman, 1984) sees "[[Black Theatre\|Black theatre]]" as theatre with a specific point of view rather than a theatre defined by skin pigmentation. Today there are other schools of thought however ~~which~~ prefer to reserve "black" for people of pure African descent alone, ~~particularly~~ as we move past the 1990 shift in power - and indeed this is the way the new the ANC led government uses it, having kept the old [[Apartheid]] categorizations alive after 1994 (ostensibly for purposes of redress and equity).	+	This is written either "black" or capitalized as "Black", when used to refer to a person belonging or relating to a race of people with dark skin, especially people whose families are, or were originally, from Africa.
		+
		+	As an adjective it can then be used to refer to the cultural products and activities of such people. ( "[[Black Culture\|Black culture]]", "[[Black Theatre\|Black theatre]]", "Black South Africans" and so on.)
		+
		+
		+	== South African usage ==
		+
		+
		+	In South Africa with its enormous multi-cultural mix of ethnic and cultural communities, this is - and has always really been - a very contentious matter. By and large this encyclopaedia utilizes the American usage, which has been followed in South Africa from the middle of the 1970s till well after 1994, namely to use the adjective "black" in this context to refer to the conventions, attributes, activities and culture of anyone classified as "[[Non-wWhite\|non-white]]" or "[[Non-European\|non-European]]" in former years (i.e. under British rule/[[Apartheid]] regime). This implies that the term is a blanket term referring to all people that used to be referred to as [[African]] (i.e. [[Zulu]], [[Xhosa]], [[Sotho]], [[Tswana]], etc.), the so-called "[[Coloured\|Coloureds]]", the [[Indian\|Indians]] and all the other [[Asian]] peoples in the country.
		+
		+	This usage has been challenged in a variety of ways of course, and actually derives from one of the overriding aims of the various anti-apartheid solidarity movements (most notably the [[Black People's Convention]] and the [[Black Consciousness\|Black Consciousness Movement]] which it espoused), namely to create solidarity among all the oppressed. In this light for example, Ian Steadman (in Hauptfleisch and Steadman, 1984) sees "[[Black Theatre\|Black theatre]]" as theatre with a specific point of view rather than a theatre defined by skin pigmentation.
		+
		+	Today there are other schools of thought however, that prefer to reserve "black" for people of pure [[African]] descent alone, and this is increasingly noticeable as we move past the 1990 shift in power - and indeed this is the way the new the ANC led government uses it, having kept the old [[Apartheid]] categorizations alive after 1994 (ostensibly for purposes of redress and equity).

← Older revision	Revision as of 15:11, 17 May 2014
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	+
	+	== Return to ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 17 May 2014
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	Other contentious terms of differentiation used over the centuries in Southern Africa, and appearing in the plays and literature, include: [[Bushman]], [[Hottentot]], [[Kaffir]], [[Bantu]], [[Non White\|Non European]] , [[Non White]],		Other contentious terms of differentiation used over the centuries in Southern Africa, and appearing in the plays and literature, include: [[Bushman]], [[Hottentot]], [[Kaffir]], [[Bantu]], [[Non White\|Non European]] , [[Non White]],
−
−
−
−	~~== Black as a noun ==~~
−
−
−