View source for Bruderzwist, oder Die Versöhnung

''[[Bruderzwist, oder Die Versöhnung]]'' ("Brotherly strife, or The reconciliation") is a German play in five acts ("Ein Schauspiel in Funf Akten")  by August von Kotzebue  (1761 – 1819)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_von_Kotzebue\]. 

Also known simply as ''[[Die Versöhnung]]'' ("The Reconciliation"), though better known under the longer title. 

== The original text ==

First produced in German at the Nationaltheater, Mannheim on 28 March, 1797 and published in Leipzig as ''[[Die Versöhnung]]'' in 1798. Published as ''[[Bruderzwist, oder Die Versöhnung]]'' in Vienna, 1804.

==Translations and adaptations==

Like all his works, this play has been translated and adapted into and performed in many languages. 

=== [[Dutch]]: ''De Verzoening, of De Broedertwist'' (1798-1799) ===

Translated into [[Dutch]] by an anonymous translator as '''''[[De Verzoening, of De Broedertwist]]''''' and published by Jan Dóll, Amsterdam, 1798. Followed by two other [[Dutch]] translations, one by W.A. Iffland, 1799 and one by Dirk Onderwater, published in Den Haag at the same time. All with the same title.

According to [[F.C.L. Bosman]], (1928, pp.133, 252), the [[Dutch]] translations may have been produced in Cape Town under various shortened titles, e.g. ''[[De Gebroeders]]'' ("''[[The Brothers]]''") in 1818,  ''[[De Broeders]]'' (also "''[[The Brothers]]''") in 1826, ''[[De Verzoening]]'' ("The reconciliation") in 1829 .

=== English: ''The Birthday'' (1799), ''Fraternal Discord'' (1800) and ''The Brothers'' ===

Translated into English as ''[[The Birthday]]'' and performed in Bath in 1799. 

Translated as ''[[Fraternal Discord]]'' by A.W. Dunlap, and performed in New York in 1800,  published in New York in 1809.

It may also have been translated as ''[[The Brothers]]''.

=== French: ''La Réconciliation; ou, Les Deux Frères'' (1799), ''[[Les Deux Frères]]'' (1802) ===

Translated into French and adapted for the stage as ''[[La Réconciliation; ou, Les Deux Frères]]'' by Mathias Weiss, Louis François Jauffret and J. Patrat in 1799. Performed as ''[[Les Deux Frères]]'' at the Theatre de la Republique, in 1802.

== Performance history in South Africa ==

1809: Performed in French under the title ''[[Les Deux Frères, ou La Réconciliation]]'' by the [[French Amateur Company]] [[Charles Etienne Boniface]] and local French players in the [[African Theatre]] Cape Town on 4 February,  1809. (The text used was most probably the  1799 translation by Weiss, Jauffret and Patrat.) Followed by ''[[Le Petit Matelot, ou Le Mariage Impromptu]]'' (Le Brun).

1818: [[F.C.L. Bosman]], (1928, p133) suggests that it may have been the play performed in [[Dutch]] as ''[[De Gebroeders]]''  ("''[[The Brothers]]''") in Cape Town by ''[[Tot Nut en Vermaak]]'' on 15 August, 1818. (Though this may have been ''[[The Brothers]]'' by Young.)

1825: Performed in [[Dutch]] as ''[[De Verzoening, of De Broedertwist]]'' by [[Tot Nut en Vermaak]] on 17 September in [[De Liefhebbery Toneel]], with ''[[Der Deserteur|De Deserteur]]'' (Von Kotzebue).

1826: According to [[F.C.L. Bosman|Bosman]], (1928, p252), this was performed in [[Dutch]] as ''[[De Broeders]]''  ("''[[The Brothers]]''") on 28 October, 1826 by [[Door Yver Vruchtbaar]], with ''[[Het Glas Water]]'' (Von Guttenberg).

1829: Performed in [[Dutch]] under the title ''[[De Verzoening]]'' ("The Reconciliation") by [[Tot Nut en Vermaak]] in [[De Liefhebbery Toneel]], Cape Town on 18 July, with ''[[Het Zal laat Worden]]'' (Meyer).

1835: A production by [[Vlyt en Kunst]] announced for early March, with an unnamed comedy by Loosjes. However this did not materialise apparently, ''[[Valmont de Saint Priest, of De Schipbreukeling]]'' (Van Haemstede)
and ''[[De Helleveeg]]'' (Loosjes) being played by popular demand on 14 March instead. 

1835: Performed in [[Dutch]] under the title ''[[De Verzoening, of De Broedertwist]]'' ("The reconciliation, or the brotherly strife") by [[Tot Nut en Vermaak]] in the [[African Theatre]] Cape Town on 19 June, with ''[[De Twee Kraayen]]'' (Anon.).

1843: Performed in [[Dutch]] as ''[[De Verzoening, of De Broedertwist]]'' by [[Tot Nut en Vermaak]], Cape Town,  as on 14 July, with ''[[Wie Weet Waar Voor Het Goed Is?]]'' (Von Kotzebue)

== Sources ==

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_von_Kotzebue

"August von Kotzebue" in  Stanley Hochman (1984) ''McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama: An International Reference Work in 5 Volumes'', Volume 1:p. 181[http://books.google.co.za/books?id=zo5os6d0rvMC&pg=PA182&lpg=PA182&dq=Die+Vers%C3%B6hnung+Kotzebue&source=bl&ots=jwMh-QuKHh&sig=IHScUKtl9dFuw9MufRQNr3ntLIk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5wWpU_zDEa_H7Ab-uoCIDQ&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Die%20Vers%C3%B6hnung%20Kotzebue&f=false]

Heinrich Döring ''August von Kotzebue's Leben'', 1830: p.408[http://books.google.co.za/books?id=q2gHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA408&lpg=PA408&dq=Die+Vers%C3%B6hnung+Kotzebue&source=bl&ots=xzEuJ0tXQi&sig=zhS5j6zNiQnr66-sE7j6VEad-RY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=goKGVInJNsXaaIy_gZgJ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwBTgK]

Text of ''Les deux frères, comédie en quatre actes'', [[Google Books]][http://books.google.co.za/books?id=x32HaUbbOvsC&dq=Les+Deux+Fr%C3%A8res,+ou+La+R%C3%A9conciliation+Kotzebue&source=gbs_navlinks_s]

[[The Internet Archive]][https://archive.org/details/lesdeuxfrresco00kotzuoft]

Text of ''La réconciliation; ou, Les deux frères'', [[Google Books]][http://books.google.co.za/books/about/La_r%C3%A9conciliation_ou_Les_deux_fr%C3%A8res.html?id=WuMlkgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y]

Text of 1804 German edition of ''[[Bruderzwist, oder Die Versöhnung]]'', [[Google Books]][https://books.google.co.za/books?id=MPYIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=Bruderzwist,+oder,+Die+Vers%C3%B6hnung&source=bl&ots=7QU4DfNwM2&sig=lepHP3XawcYLb4Xf2wqyNLhvOfY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Rw2NVMRPgq5R-_eCiAM&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Bruderzwist%2C%20oder%2C%20Die%20Vers%C3%B6hnung&f=false]

Text of ''[[Fraternal Discord]]'', [[Google Books]][https://books.google.co.za/books?id=u9BZAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA73&dq=Die+Vers%C3%B6hnung+Von+Kotzebue&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kBONVL2JOsH1UsCsgpgL&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Die%20Vers%C3%B6hnung%20Von%20Kotzebue&f=false]

[[F.C.L. Bosman]]. 1928. ''Drama en Toneel in Suid-Afrika'', Deel I: 1652-1855. Pretoria: [[J.H. de Bussy]]. [http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bosm012dram01_01/]: pp. 125, 172, 236, 242, 248, 331, 443, 

Go to [[ESAT Bibliography]]

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